{
  "name": "State Fee Calculator",
  "url": "https://statefeecalculator.com",
  "description": "Work out what a car actually costs to register, in any state.",
  "license": "Figures are reproduced from US state agency publications. Attribution appreciated.",
  "generated": "2026-11-10",
  "method": "Every figure is taken from the state agency or statute named in its source. Where a state does not publish a figure we return null and explain why in the note rather than estimating it.",
  "stateCount": 51,
  "states": [
    {
      "slug": "alabama",
      "name": "Alabama",
      "abbr": "AL",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/alabama/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Alabama Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "Alabama DOR",
        "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/tax-types/motor-vehicle-registration-fees/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 23,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Alabama registers a passenger car for $23 a year, with a $1.25 issuance fee shown below. That part is cheap. What makes an Alabama tag expensive is the ad valorem tax below, a yearly property tax on the value of the car."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "Ad Valorem Tax",
        "category": "tax",
        "initialShare": 0.15,
        "rate": 0.042,
        "per": 1,
        "basis": "current",
        "glanceText": "set by your county, about 0.5% to 1.1% of value a year",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "This yearly charge is what makes an Alabama tag add up, and it is due when you first register the car and again every year you own it. The county assesses your car at 15% of its market value, then taxes that at the combined millage of the state, county, city and school district where you live. The state part is fixed at 6.5 mills; the local part varies, so the total runs from about 30 mills in a rural county to 75 mills in a city. This estimate uses the statewide average of about 42 mills, which on a $30,000 car comes to roughly $189. Yours could be anywhere from about $135 to $340 for the same car depending on where you register. Because it tracks the car's value, it falls as the car depreciates, so enter the current value above."
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "An Alabama certificate of title is $15, new or used."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Alabama’s standard passenger plate is covered by the $23 car registration. Alabama reissues plates every few years, and the small issuance fee is shown as its own line.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "Alabama lists **399 plate designs**, and on the distinctive ones a personalized message usually adds **$50 a year**, plus $5 whenever a metal plate is made. University plates such as Auburn charge $50 for a pre-numbered or personalized plate, and that money counts as a gift to the school’s scholarship fund."
            },
            {
              "ol": [
                "Search and reserve the message on MyDMV, or ask at your county’s license plate issuing office whether it is free.",
                "Once ALDOR approves an online reservation, you have **five calendar days** to place the order at the issuing office and pay. Miss it and the message goes back to the public.",
                "The office collects the registration fees and taxes and gives you a receipt, a 60-day temporary plate and the month and year decal.",
                "The plate is shipped from the factory to you, usually within 6 to 8 weeks."
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Every design, with its fee and who gets the money, is in {check}."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            10,
            11,
            12,
            13
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/license-plates/",
            "label": "ALDOR’s license plate catalog"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.02,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.04,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Alabama's state sales tax on a vehicle is only 2%, well below the 4% on most goods, but your county and city add their own automotive rates on top, so the combined rate is usually 3% to 5% depending on where you register. A trade-in is deducted before the tax is worked out, so you pay only on the difference between the car you buy and the one you trade in. Enter your local rate to add the county and city part."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 203,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 103,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Alabama charges a yearly fee on an electric or plug-in hybrid car to stand in for the fuel tax it does not pay. Since 1 July 2023 a battery electric car pays $203 and a plug-in hybrid $103, added to the registration each year. A low-speed electric vehicle pays $50."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Issuance fee",
          "amount": 1.25,
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $1.25 fee to issue the tag, charged with each registration."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $15 title fee, paid at the county office when you register."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 15,
        "src": 5,
        "graceText": "Alabama has no grace period after your renewal month. Registrations expire on the last day of the month set by the first letter of your last name; the only extra time is the next business day when that last day falls on a weekend or holiday.",
        "note": "Renewing after your month adds a $15 penalty plus interest on the late taxes, charged at the federal underpayment rate, and county offices say the penalty cannot be waived. A renewal notice that never arrives does not excuse it.",
        "transferNote": "Register within 20 calendar days of buying the car, counting from the day after the purchase. After that the late registration penalty is $15 plus interest."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Alabama does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and has to be shown on the sale paperwork, so compare it between dealers before you agree a price."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Registration Fees",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/tax-types/motor-vehicle-registration-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, Vehicle Valuation and ad valorem tax (Class IV 15% assessment, state 6.5 mills)",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/property-tax/vehicle-valuation/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Code 40-23-103, automotive sales tax levied on the sale price less trade-in credit",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/alabama/title-40/chapter-23/article-3/section-40-23-103/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, Automotive Sales, Use and Lease Tax Guide (2% state automotive rate)",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Automotive_Sales_Use_Lease_Tax_Guide.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rebuild Alabama Act, electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle registration fees",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/tax-types/motor-vehicle-registration-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Administrative Code 810-5-1-.211, registration periods, delinquency, penalty and interest",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/810-5-1-.211-1.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, FAQ: in what months are license plates renewed",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/faq-categories/liscense-plate-renewal/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, registration FAQs (20 days after purchase, 30 days for new residents)",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/faq-categories/registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, millage rates by county and city, October 2025",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-Millage-Rates.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Mobile County License Commission, renewal calendar",
          "url": "https://www.mobilecountylc.gov/licensing-and-permits/motor-vehicle/renewal-calendar/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, How do I obtain a personalized license plate? (MyDMV reservation, five days, 6 to 8 weeks)",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/faqs/how-do-i-obtain-a-personalized-license-plate/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, God Bless America plate ($50 a year to personalize, $5 for a metal plate)",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/license-plates/god-bless-america/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, Auburn University plate (scholarship contribution)",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/license-plates/auburn-university/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, License Plates catalog (399 plates)",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/license-plates/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue, Rule 810-6-1-.150, meaning of a sale (gifts left out)",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/810-6-1-.150.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-01"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "alaska",
      "name": "Alaska",
      "abbr": "AK",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/alaska/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Alaska Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Alaska DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.alaska.gov/vehicle-services/general-vehicle-registration/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 100,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Alaska registers a passenger car two years at a time for $100, about $50 a year. Most populated areas add a Motor Vehicle Registration Tax (MVRT), also billed for two years and set by model year: in Anchorage and the Mat-Su Borough it is $150 on a 2026 model and $70 on a 2019 or older car, while Kodiak charges up to $300 and some places, Fairbanks among them, are not on the taxable list at all. Renewing in person rather than online or by mail adds $10.",
        "termYears": 2
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "An Alaska certificate of title is $15. A lien recording, if there is a loan on the car, is another $15."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates stay with the vehicle when it is sold, along with the registration. A personalized or special plate stays with the previous owner, and the buyer gets a standard plate."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "Motor Vehicle Registration Tax (MVRT)",
        "src": 1,
        "omitReason": "set by where the car is kept and its model year, from $0 in places with no MVRT up to $300 for two years in Kodiak. In Anchorage and the Mat-Su Borough it is $150 on a 2026 model and $70 on a 2019 or older car, so add your figure from the MVRT table on this page"
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.075,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Alaska has no statewide sales tax. Anchorage, the largest city, adds none of its own either, so a great many Alaskans pay no tax at all on a car. But some boroughs and cities do charge a local sales tax that can apply to a vehicle, often with a dollar cap on how much of the price is taxed, so check your own local rate. There is no state tax for a trade-in to reduce."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Alaska does not charge an extra registration fee on an electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle. Several bills to add one have been proposed and none has passed, so an electric car pays the same $100 biennial registration as any other."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $15 title fee ($15 more if a lien is recorded)."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "The DMV fee schedule lists no late fee, but an expired registration is not reset: if it lapsed less than 12 months ago, the two-year fee is charged from the original expiration date, even for a new owner, and the MVRT comes from the chart for the year it expired. After more than a year, the registration period starts over when you renew. You can renew up to 3 months early.",
        "faq": "The DMV fee schedule has no late fee, but you do not get the lapsed time back. If the registration expired less than a year ago, the new two-year period starts from the old expiration date, so a car that sat expired for ten months gets only fourteen months of registration for the full fee. Renewing online or by mail also saves the $10 in-person charge."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Alaska does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Alaska DMV, General Vehicle Registration (registration and title fees)",
          "url": "https://dmv.alaska.gov/vehicle-services/general-vehicle-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alaska DMV, Registration Fees and Biennial MVRT for 2026 expirations (revised September 2, 2025)",
          "url": "https://dmv.alaska.gov/media/lknb3cwi/2026-mvrt-by-location.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alaska Department of Revenue, Tax Division (no statewide sales tax; local sales taxes)",
          "url": "https://tax.alaska.gov/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alaska DMV, Vehicle Registration Cost calculator",
          "url": "https://online.dmv.alaska.gov/MVRTCost/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "arizona",
      "name": "Arizona",
      "abbr": "AZ",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/arizona/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Arizona Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "Arizona MVD",
        "url": "https://azdot.gov/sites/default/files/2019/08/AZ-registration-fees.pdf"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "value",
        "label": "Vehicle License Tax",
        "value": {
          "initialShare": 0.6,
          "yearlyDrop": 0.1625,
          "per": 100,
          "rateNew": 2.8,
          "rate": 2.89,
          "minimum": null
        },
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Arizona's Vehicle License Tax is the real cost of registering a car here, and it is worked out from the manufacturer's base retail price rather than what you paid. The assessed value starts at 60% of that list price and drops 16.25% for every year the car has been registered in Arizona. You then pay $2.80 per $100 of assessed value in the first year and $2.89 per $100 after that. The MVD's own example: a $30,000 car costs $504.00 in year one, $435.67 in year two and $364.87 in year three."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 4,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 4,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "The Arizona title fee is $4.00, which is the lowest of any state on this site. The money is in the vehicle license tax, not the title."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "The plate comes with the registration."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.056,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInDealerOnly": true,
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "Arizona transaction privilege tax",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Arizona charges transaction privilege tax rather than sales tax, and the state rate on a motor vehicle sale is 5.6%. A trade-in does come off: the Department of Revenue's own ruling allows the dealer to deduct the trade-in allowance from gross receipts, provided it is taken off the sale price before the sale completes, and it cannot take the taxable amount below zero. Counties and cities add their own rate on top of the 5.6%, and the combined figure where you live can be several points higher, but the Department does not publish a single vehicle rate we can link to, so we are not adding a local line. Treat the tax here as the state portion only and expect the real bill to be higher."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "Arizona has no separate electric vehicle fee. Electric cars pay the same vehicle license tax as any other car: the reduced alternative fuel rate ended on 1 January 2023, and only vehicles registered before then keep it, as long as the title and registration do not change."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Flat registration fee",
          "amount": 8,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "The flat registration fee, separate from the vehicle license tax."
        },
        {
          "label": "Air quality research fee",
          "amount": 1.5,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": null
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 4,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is $4.00."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 8,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Arizona charges $8.00 for the first month you are late and $4.00 for each month after that, up to a total of $100.00. So the first month is the expensive one and the meter then runs slower, but it keeps running for two years before it tops out."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Arizona sets no maximum. What it requires is that a dealer advertising a vehicle clearly and conspicuously discloses in the advertisement that a document fee will be charged. So you should know one is coming before you arrive, but not how big it is until you are at the desk."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Arizona MVD, Registration fees and vehicle license tax",
          "url": "https://azdot.gov/sites/default/files/2019/08/AZ-registration-fees.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Sales",
          "url": "https://azdor.gov/business/transaction-privilege-tax/motor-vehicle-sales",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona Transaction Privilege Tax Ruling TPR 96-1, trade-in allowances",
          "url": "https://azdor.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/RULINGS_TPT_1996_tpr96-1.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona Revised Statutes 28-2162, penalty for late registration",
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/02162.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona Revised Statutes 44-1371, advertising a motor vehicle document fee",
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/44/01371.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "ServiceArizona, Fees page (VLT formula, $8 registration fee, air quality fees, 2- and 5-year registrations)",
          "url": "https://servicearizona.com/content/SAZHomeFees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "ADOT MVD, Alternative Fuel Vehicle Registration (reduced VLT ended 1 Jan 2023)",
          "url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/vehicle-services/vehicle-registration/alternative-fuel-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "ADOT MVD, Vehicle Registration (renewal options, early renewal, late fees)",
          "url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/registration-plates-title/vehicle-registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "ADOT MVD, Emissions Testing (Phoenix and Tucson areas, exemptions)",
          "url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/vehicle-services/vehicle-registration/emissions",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "ADOT MVD, New to AZ (register as soon as you become a resident)",
          "url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/driver-license-ID/new-to-arizona",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "ADOT MVD, Out-of-State Vehicles (documents and fee estimate)",
          "url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/vehicle-services/title-and-registration/out-state-vehicles",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona Revised Statutes 28-2003, registration fees",
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/02003.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona Department of Revenue, Vehicle Use Tax and Calculator Questions and Answers (April 2020)",
          "url": "https://azdor.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/BROCHURE_VUTCalculator_fs.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-01"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "arkansas",
      "name": "Arkansas",
      "abbr": "AR",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/arkansas/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration",
        "short": "Arkansas DFA",
        "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/motor-vehicle/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 3000,
            "amount": 17
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4500,
            "amount": 25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 30
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Arkansas sets the registration fee by the car's weight: $17.00 for 3,000 lbs and under, $25.00 from 3,001 to 4,500 lbs, and $30.00 above that. Most cars fall in the first two bands. A validation decal is added each year, shown as its own line below. Arkansas also makes you assess and pay an annual personal property tax on the car: you assess it with your county by 31 May at 20% of its value, then pay the county's millage rate on that. It usually comes to a few hundred dollars a year, more than the registration itself, and Arkansas won't let you renew the tag until the tax is paid. It is not included here because the millage varies by county."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "An Arkansas certificate of title is $10, new or used."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "A standard plate comes with the registration. Arkansas keeps the plate with the car when it is sold in most cases, and the buyer transfers it."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "annual personal property tax",
        "src": 4
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.065,
        "usedBands": [
          {
            "upTo": 4000,
            "rate": 0
          },
          {
            "upTo": 10000,
            "rate": 0.035
          },
          {
            "upTo": null,
            "rate": 0.065
          }
        ],
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.05,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": 2500,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Arkansas's state sales tax on a vehicle is 6.5%, but a used car gets a break the sticker price decides. A used car under $4,000 pays no state tax at all, one between $4,000 and $10,000 pays a reduced 3.5%, and one at $10,000 or more pays the full 6.5%. A new car pays 6.5% at any price. A trade-in comes off before the tax is worked out, and the price band is judged on the sticker before the trade-in. Your county and city add their own rate on top, but only on the first $2,500 of the price, so the local part is capped low. Enter your local rate to include it. A 2025 bill (SB82) to raise the tax-free threshold to $10,000 died in committee, so the $4,000 and $10,000 lines still apply."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 200,
        "hybrid": 50,
        "phev": 100,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Arkansas adds a yearly fee to a car that pays little or no fuel tax: $200 for a full electric car, $100 for a plug-in hybrid, and $50 for an ordinary hybrid. It is charged with the registration each year."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Validation decal",
          "amount": 2.5,
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $2.50 decal that validates the plate, charged with each registration."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $10 title fee, paid at a state revenue office when you register."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 3,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Arkansas gives you 60 days to register a car after buying it or moving in. After that the late registration penalty is $3.00 for every 10 days the car goes unregistered, and a late registration also adds a 10% penalty on the sales tax due.",
        "transferNote": "you have 60 days from the purchase to register and pay the sales tax. After that it costs $3.00 for every 10 days late, plus a 10% penalty on the sales tax."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Arkansas does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the paperwork, and figures around $130 are common, lower than in many states."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Arkansas DFA, Motor Vehicle Registration Fee Schedule",
          "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/mv-reg-fees.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas.gov, Calculate State Sales Tax (DFA Office of Driver Services vehicle sales tax calculator)",
          "url": "https://portal.arkansas.gov/service/calculate-state-sales-tax/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-21"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas Act 1013 and DFA, reduced 3.5% rate on used vehicles $4,000 to $10,000 and exemption under $4,000",
          "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/motor-vehicle/recent-changes-in-the-law/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas DFA, Sales and Use Tax FAQs (local tax capped on the first $2,500, trade-in credit)",
          "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/taxes/excise-tax-administration/sales-use-tax/sales-and-use-tax-faqs/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas DFA, Individual Personal Property (annual assessment of vehicles at 20% of value by 31 May)",
          "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/arkansas-assessment-coordination-division/personal-property/individual-personal-property/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-26"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas DFA, DSMV FAQs (60 days to register, $3 per 10 days late, 10% sales tax penalty, proof of assessment and taxes paid)",
          "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/motor-vehicle/faqs-for-dsmv/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas Legislature, SB82 of 2025 (raise the used-car exemption to $10,000; died in committee)",
          "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=SB82&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas Code 27-14-601, registration fees",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ar/title-27-transportation/ar-code-sect-27-14-601/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas Gross Receipts Rule GR-12, sale of motor vehicles: gifts and inheritances as non-taxable transfers (Cornell LII copy, no revision date shown)",
          "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/006-05-06-Ark-Code-R-SS-12",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-01"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "california",
      "name": "California",
      "abbr": "CA",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/california/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "California Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "CA DMV",
        "url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-registration/registration-fees/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 76,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Base registration fee. Includes the $3 alternative fuel and technology fee."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "California charges a $15.00 transfer fee to move the title into your name, listed by the DMV under miscellaneous registration and service fees. The $28.00 figure people often quote is the replacement title fee, which is a different transaction."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard California plates come with your registration rather than being bought separately. The DMV's registration fee list does include a $1 reflectorized license plate fee (Vehicle Code 4850), which this estimate does not show as a line of its own."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county or district fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0725,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.0325,
          "typical": 0.0175
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "none",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "California does not allow a trade-in deduction. CDTFA Regulation 1655 states that the amount allowed as the trade-in value must be included in the measure of tax. Your trade-in lowers what you finance, but it does not lower your tax. Combined state and district rates vary by address."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 121,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": "model year 2020 and later zero emission vehicles",
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Road Improvement Fee. Charged on renewals, not on the initial registration of a new vehicle bought from a dealer."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "California Highway Patrol fee",
          "amount": 34,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": null
        },
        {
          "label": "Vehicle License Fee (VLF)",
          "amount": null,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "0.65% of the purchase price or vehicle value. Calculated, not flat."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "The transfer fee is $15.00. A replacement title, if the seller has lost theirs, is $28.00 and is a separate transaction."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": {
          "type": "percent",
          "amount": 0.1,
          "tiers": null
        },
        "src": 0,
        "graceText": "The DMV says there is no grace period for annual registration fees, so the penalty starts the day after the expiry date on your registration.",
        "note": "Register between 1 and 10 days late and the DMV adds 10% of the vehicle license fee for that year, a $10 registration late fee and a $10 CHP late fee. The penalty grows the longer you leave it.",
        "faq": "Yes, and there is no grace period: paying even one day late adds 10% of the vehicle license fee, a $10 registration late fee and a $10 CHP late fee, and the penalty steps up after 10 days, 30 days, one year and two years. Every step is in the late registration fees table above."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 85,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "California is one of the few states that caps what a dealer can charge for paperwork, and the cap is low. A dealer with a contractual agreement with the DMV as a private industry partner may charge up to $85.00. A dealer without one may charge up to $70.00. A dealer that uses an outside registration service to do the electronic filing may not charge you an electronic filing fee at all. Anything above those figures is not a government charge and is not allowed."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "California DMV Registration Fees",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-registration/registration-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "CDTFA Sales and Use Tax Regulation 1655, Trade-ins",
          "url": "https://cdtfa.ca.gov/lawguides/vol1/sutr/1655.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "California DMV, Title Transfers and Changes",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-registration/titles/title-transfers-and-changes/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "California Vehicle Code 4456.5, dealer document processing and electronic filing charges",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&sectionNum=4456.5",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "California Driver's Handbook, Vehicle Registration Requirements",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/handbook/california-driver-handbook/vehicle-registration-requirements/",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-05"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "colorado",
      "name": "Colorado",
      "abbr": "CO",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/colorado/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Colorado Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Colorado DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/taxes-and-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 2000,
            "amount": 43.3
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5000,
            "amount": 57.3
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 10000,
            "amount": 80.8
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 122.8
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "This line bundles the charges Colorado collects at registration apart from the ownership tax: a base fee set by weight ($6.00, plus 20 cents per hundred pounds over 2,000 up to 4,500 lbs), an age-of-vehicle fee ($12.00 under 7 years old, $10.00 at 7 to 9, $7.00 at 10 or older from July 2026), the Road Safety Surcharge ($19.30 for 2,001 to 5,000 lbs until 31 August 2027, then $23.00) and the Bridge Safety Surcharge ($18.00 for 2,001 to 5,000 lbs). For a newer 3,000 lb car that is about $57.30. Counties add a few dollars of their own, and the charge that dominates a Colorado registration is the Specific Ownership Tax shown separately."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "Specific Ownership Tax",
        "category": "tax",
        "initialShare": 0.85,
        "per": 1,
        "rateSchedule": [
          0.021,
          0.015,
          0.012,
          0.009,
          0.0045,
          0.0045,
          0.0045,
          0.0045,
          0.0045
        ],
        "beyondSchedule": 3,
        "minimum": 3,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "This is the charge that makes a Colorado registration expensive, and it is worked out from the list price of the car when it was new, not what you paid. Colorado takes 85% of the original MSRP and applies a rate that falls each year of service: 2.1% in the first year, then 1.5%, 1.2%, 0.9%, and 0.45% from the fifth year through the ninth. From the tenth year on it is a flat $3. A car that listed at $40,000 pays about $714 in its first year. Enter the original list price above for your own figure."
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 7.2,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 7.2,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Colorado title is $7.20, including a title on a transfer of ownership or a lien release. A duplicate title is $8.20."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration. Colorado also charges a few small statutory fees at registration, such as a plate and a Motorist Insurance Identification fee, that add a handful of dollars."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.029,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.083,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Colorado's state rate is just 2.9%, one of the lowest in the country, but the local tax stacked on top is among the most tangled: your county, your city and any special district each add their own, and the total is set by where you live, not where you buy. Combined rates run from 2.9% in a few unincorporated areas to over 11% in parts of the Denver metro. Because there is no single typical figure, enter your own local rate to include it. A trade-in comes off the price before the tax is worked out."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 89.05,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "An electric car pays two extra charges: the $63.05 electric vehicle fee and the Road Usage Equalization Fee, which is $26.00 for the year from 1 July 2026, so $89.05 together. A plug-in hybrid pays the same $63.05 plus a $13.00 road usage fee, $76.05 in all; an ordinary hybrid that cannot plug in pays neither. The road usage fee climbs every July set by statute, to $96.00 for an electric car and $27.00 for a plug-in hybrid by the year starting July 2031, and the fees can be paid in installments."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 7.2,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $7.20 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": 30,
        "penalty": 25,
        "src": 7,
        "graceText": "Colorado gives you a grace month. A registration expires on the last day of its month, and you have until the last day of the following month to renew without a late fee.",
        "note": "After the grace month Colorado charges a late fee of $25 for each month or part of a month the vehicle is unregistered, up to $100, whether or not the car was driven. The same late fee applies to a buyer who misses the 60-day window after a purchase and a new resident who misses the 90-day window, and both also pay the registration taxes and fees they would have owed for the months in between.",
        "transferNote": "Register within 60 days of the sale. After that the late fee is $25 for each month or part of a month, up to $100, plus the prorated taxes and fees for the months the car went unregistered."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Colorado does not cap the dealer documentation or handling fee. It has to be shown on the sale paperwork, but the amount is up to the dealer, and figures from $100 to $700 are all seen."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Colorado DMV, Vehicle Taxes and Fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/taxes-and-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado Revised Statutes 42-3-306, registration fees by weight",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-42-vehicles-and-traffic/co-rev-st-sect-42-3-306/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado Revised Statutes 43-4-804, road safety surcharge",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-43-transportation/co-rev-st-sect-43-4-804/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado Revised Statutes 43-4-805, bridge safety surcharge",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-43-transportation/co-rev-st-sect-43-4-805/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado Revised Statutes 42-3-107, specific ownership tax",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-42-vehicles-and-traffic/co-rev-st-sect-42-3-107/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado DMV, Electric Vehicles registration and road usage equalization fee",
          "url": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/electric-vehicles",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado Revised Statutes 42-3-103, registration required (60 days after purchase, 90 days for new residents)",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-42-vehicles-and-traffic/co-rev-st-sect-42-3-103/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado Revised Statutes 42-3-112, late fee and prorated taxes",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-42-vehicles-and-traffic/co-rev-st-sect-42-3-112/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado Revised Statutes 42-3-114, expiration and the grace month",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-42-vehicles-and-traffic/co-rev-st-sect-42-3-114/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado DMV, gas emissions requirements",
          "url": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/gas-emissions-requirements",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado DMV, emissions",
          "url": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/emissions",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado DMV, VIN inspections",
          "url": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/vin-inspections",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado Department of Revenue, Sales and Use Tax Topics: Motor Vehicle Sales (gifts)",
          "url": "https://tax.colorado.gov/sales-use-tax-topics-motor-vehicle-sales",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "connecticut",
      "name": "Connecticut",
      "abbr": "CT",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/connecticut/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Connecticut DMV",
        "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/resources/dmv-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 120,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Connecticut registers a passenger car for three years for $120, so about $40 a year. The charge that dwarfs it is not on this receipt: every Connecticut town levies a yearly motor vehicle property tax. Since the October 1, 2024 grand list it is worked out from the car's MSRP, depreciated on a state schedule (90% in year one, falling to 20%), times 70%, times your town's motor vehicle mill rate, which is capped at 32.46. On a car that listed at $35,000, the first bill runs from about $223 in Greenwich to about $716 in Hartford. Your town bills it, not the DMV, so it is not folded into this estimate.",
        "termYears": 3
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 25,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 25,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Connecticut certificate of title is $25.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 5,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "New plates are $5.00."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "municipal motor vehicle property tax",
        "src": 4
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0635,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "rateAbove": {
          "threshold": 50000,
          "rate": 0.0775
        },
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Connecticut charges 6.35% on most cars, but a car over $50,000 is taxed at the luxury rate of 7.75% on its whole price, not just the part above $50,000. The threshold is checked after the trade-in comes off, which matters: a $54,000 car with a $6,000 trade-in has a $48,000 taxable amount, stays under the line and is taxed at 6.35%. There is no separate local sales tax in Connecticut."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Connecticut charges no annual electric vehicle surcharge. An electric car also skips the $15.00 Clean Air Act fee and the $40.00 emissions exemption fee, so it costs less to register than a gas car."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Administrative fee",
          "amount": 10,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $10.00 administrative fee on each registration."
        },
        {
          "label": "Clean Air Act fee",
          "amount": 15,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "notFuel": [
            "ev"
          ],
          "note": "A $15.00 Clean Air Act fee. Electric cars do not pay it."
        },
        {
          "label": "Passport to the Parks fee",
          "amount": 24,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $24.00 fee with each registration, up from $15.00 on July 1, 2025. It pays for free parking at Connecticut state parks and beaches for Connecticut-registered vehicles."
        },
        {
          "label": "Greenhouse gas fee",
          "amount": 15,
          "when": "initial",
          "newOnly": true,
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $15.00 fee charged on a new vehicle registered on its certificate of origin."
        },
        {
          "label": "Emissions exemption fee",
          "amount": 40,
          "when": "always",
          "maxAgeYears": 3,
          "notFuel": [
            "ev"
          ],
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $40.00 fee on cars under four model years old, which are exempt from the emissions test and pay this instead. Electric cars do not pay it."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 25,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $25.00 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": 5,
        "penalty": 10,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Connecticut gives five days after the expiration date. From the sixth day a $10.00 late fee is added to the renewal. A separate $20.00 emissions late fee applies when an emissions test is done more than 30 days after its due date.",
        "graceText": "Connecticut allows five days after the expiration date. From the sixth day a $10.00 late fee is added, and an emissions test done more than 30 days late carries its own $20.00 late fee."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Connecticut does not cap the dealer conveyance or processing fee. What the law requires is that the fee be stated separately in the quoted price and that the dealer disclose it is negotiable, so it is one of the few fees on the sheet you are explicitly invited to argue down. A 2025 bill to cap it at 1% of the price did not pass."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Connecticut DMV, DMV Fees",
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/resources/dmv-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut DMV, Sales Tax on Vehicle Registrations",
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/vehicle-services/sales-tax-registrations/sales-tax-calculator",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut General Statutes 14-62(a), dealer conveyance or processing fee",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ct/title-14-motor-vehicles-use-of-the-highway-by-vehicles-gasoline/ct-gen-st-sect-14-62/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut General Statutes 12-71e, motor vehicle property tax mill rate cap",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ct/title-12-taxation/ct-gen-st-sect-12-71e/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut Open Data (OPM), Mill Rates for FY 2014-2027, including motor vehicle rates",
          "url": "https://data.ct.gov/Local-Government/Mill-Rates-for-FY-2014-2027/emyx-j53e",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Town of Newington Assessor, motor vehicle assessments (MSRP depreciation schedule from the October 1, 2024 grand list)",
          "url": "https://www.newingtonct.gov/1163/Motor-Vehicles",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Danbury Assessor, I sold my car: what do I do?",
          "url": "https://assessor.danbury-ct.gov/232/I-Sold-My-Car---What-do-I-do",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut DMV, transfer your vehicle registration from out of state",
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/vehicle-services/transfer-registration-ct",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut DMV, proof of ownership requirements (no title for vehicles over 20 model years)",
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/vehicle-services/proof-of-vehicle-ownership",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut DMV, emissions program overview and emissions late fee",
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/vehicle-services/emissions-late-fee",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut General Statutes 14-49, registration fees",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ct/title-14-motor-vehicles-use-of-the-highway-by-vehicles-gasoline/ct-gen-st-sect-14-49/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut DMV, Transfer Vehicle Ownership (gifts, AU-463, H-13B family exemption)",
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/vehicle-services/transfer-vehicle-ownership",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "delaware",
      "name": "Delaware",
      "abbr": "DE",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/delaware/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Delaware DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.de.gov/Common/DMVFees/index.shtml"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 40,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Delaware charges a flat $40 a year to register a passenger car, the same whatever it weighs. Renewing late adds a $20 late fee. From October 1, 2026, a brand-new car can be registered for up to seven years at once ($40 times the years), and qualifying late-model cars for up to six. Trucks and larger vehicles pay more, set by weight."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 35,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 35,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Delaware title is $35, or $55 if there is a lien on the car (a loan). This is separate from the document fee below, which is the big charge on a purchase."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration, and you keep your plate and move it to your next car ($20 to switch or retain a tag). Vanity plates are $40 a year and specialty plates a one-time $50."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "local fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0525,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": 8,
        "basis": "book_or_price",
        "label": "document fee",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Delaware has no sales tax, but it charges a document fee of 5.25% when you title a car, and for most buyers that is the same thing. It rose from 4.25% on 1 October 2025. It is worked out on your purchase price or the car's N.A.D.A. (J.D. Power) book value, whichever is greater, so a low price on the bill of sale does not lower it below book. The minimum document fee is $8. If you trade in a Delaware-titled vehicle when you buy, its value comes off the price before the fee is worked out."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 110,
        "hybrid": 60,
        "phev": 85,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Delaware charges an annual Alternative Fuel Vehicle fee on top of the registration for a car under 6,000 lbs: $110 for a battery-electric or fuel-cell vehicle, $85 for a plug-in hybrid, and $60 for a conventional (non-plug-in) hybrid. Heavier vehicles pay more."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 35,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the $35 title fee ($55 with a lien), paid at the DMV along with the document fee on the purchase."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 20,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 20,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Delaware charges a $20 late fee on top of the normal registration fee for a renewal done after the registration expires. If the car needs an inspection, it can be done up to 90 days before the expiration date without changing it. Letting the insurance lapse costs $100 for the first 30 days and $5 a day after that.",
        "faq": "You pay the $40 registration plus a $20 late fee, and the car may need its inspection first. Delaware sends renewal notices about 90 days ahead, and you can have the inspection done any time in those 90 days without moving your expiration date. An insurance lapse is far costlier: $100 for the first 30 days, then $5 a day."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Do not confuse two things called a fee here. The state document fee is the 5.25% titling charge covered above. A dealer's own processing or documentation fee is separate, is not set by the state, and Delaware does not cap it."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Delaware DMV, Motor Vehicle Fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.de.gov/Common/DMVFees/index.shtml",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "30 Del. C. § 3002, motor vehicle document fee",
          "url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title30/c030/index.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Delaware DMV, Vehicle Inspections (free at DMV lanes, new and late-model exceptions, $20 late fee)",
          "url": "https://dmv.de.gov/VehicleServices/inspections/index.shtml",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Delaware DMV, Vehicle Inspection Program FAQs (biennial, first 7 model years excluded)",
          "url": "https://dmv.de.gov/VehicleServices/faqs/index.shtml?dc=ve_faqs_inspection",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Delaware DMV notice to dealers, Model Year Changeover and Inspection Exemption Program (effective October 1, 2026)",
          "url": "https://dealers.dmv.de.gov/Dealer/News/OpenFile?NewsID=181",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Delaware Code Title 21, Chapter 21, Subchapter IV, registration fees",
          "url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c021/sc04/index.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Delaware DMV, Vehicle Services FAQs: titling a vehicle given as a gift",
          "url": "https://services.dmv.de.gov/VehicleServices/faqs/index.shtml?dc=ve_faqs_general",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-01"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "district-of-columbia",
      "name": "District of Columbia",
      "abbr": "DC",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/district-of-columbia/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "District of Columbia Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "DC DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/book/dmv-fees/vehicle-title-and-excise-tax-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 3499,
            "amount": 70
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4999,
            "amount": 175
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5999,
            "amount": 300
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 550
          }
        ],
        "src": 1,
        "note": "The District's registration fee rises sharply with weight, and the classes changed on March 30, 2026: $70 a year for a car under 3,500 lbs (down from $72), $175 up to 5,000 lbs, $300 up to 6,000 lbs (up from $250) and $550 above that (up from $500), plus $75 per 1,000 lbs over 10,000. A brand-new battery-electric car under 5,000 lbs pays $40 a year for its first two years, and after that it can take 1,000 lbs off its weight when its class is worked out. Hybrids get neither break.",
        "evRules": {
          "newFlat": 40,
          "newYears": 2,
          "maxLbs": 5000,
          "weightCreditLbs": 1000,
          "note": "A new battery-electric car under 5,000 lbs registers at $40 a year for its first two years."
        }
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 30,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 30,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A DC certificate of title is $30. Recording a lien, if the car is financed, is another $20."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "There’s no extra charge for standard DC tags, and moving your tags to another car costs $12."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "local fee",
        "src": 1
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.031,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "none",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "fair_market_value",
        "label": "excise tax",
        "rateMatrix": {
          "weightBands": [
            3499,
            4999,
            null
          ],
          "mpgBands": [
            20,
            25,
            30,
            39,
            null
          ],
          "defaultMpgIndex": 2,
          "rates": [
            [
              0.09,
              0.05,
              0.031,
              0.022,
              0.015
            ],
            [
              0.1,
              0.06,
              0.041,
              0.032,
              0.025
            ],
            [
              0.11,
              0.07,
              0.051,
              0.042,
              0.035
            ]
          ],
          "evRates": [
            0.01,
            0.02,
            0.03
          ]
        },
        "src": 0,
        "note": "The District does not charge a flat rate. Since February 2025 the excise tax rate is read off a grid of the car's unladen weight and its city miles per gallon, applied to the fair market value from the NADA guide. For a car under 3,500 lbs the rate runs 9% at 20 MPG or less, 5% at 21-25, 3.1% at 26-30, 2.2% at 31-39 and 1.5% at 40 or more; heavier classes are a point or two higher in each column (up to 11% for a heavy vehicle at 20 MPG or less). An electric car pays the lowest rate for its weight: 1%, 2% or 3%. A trade-in does not reduce it, because the tax is on the car's value rather than the deal. (Residents who received the DC Earned Income Tax Credit may instead elect a flat 6%, 7% or 8% by weight if that is cheaper.) A buyer who claimed the District earned income tax credit (EITC) for the most recent year can instead pay the old weight-class rate (6%, 7% or 8%) if that comes out lower."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "The District does not add an annual surcharge on an electric car. A new battery-electric car under 5,000 lbs registers for $40 a year for its first two years, and after that it can subtract 1,000 lbs from its weight, so an EV under 4,500 lbs drops into the $70 class. Since February 17, 2025 electric cars are no longer exempt from the excise tax, but they pay the lowest rate for their weight (1% to 3%)."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Inspection fee (new car, 4-year sticker)",
          "amount": 10,
          "when": "initial",
          "newOnly": true,
          "src": 3,
          "note": "A brand-new passenger car needs no inspection at first; DC DMV charges $10 for a sticker that lasts four years."
        },
        {
          "label": "Inspection fee (2 years)",
          "amount": 35,
          "when": "initial",
          "usedOnly": true,
          "src": 3,
          "note": "DC DMV collects the $35 inspection fee with the registration. It covers two years, so it comes back at every other renewal."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 30,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $30 title fee (plus $20 if a lien is recorded)."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 20,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "DC DMV does not publish a flat late fee for renewing, but the inspection has one: $20 the moment it expires and $20 more every 30 days, up to $480. Driving on expired tags is ticketed, a lapse in insurance brings fines of up to $2,500, and reinstating a suspended registration costs $100. The DMV will not renew while you owe the District for tickets or other debts.",
        "faq": "There is no separate late fee for renewing, but the costs pile up elsewhere. An expired inspection is $20 straight away and $20 more for every 30 days, up to $480, expired tags draw parking and moving tickets, and the DMV will not renew until every ticket and debt owed to the District is paid."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "The District does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "DC DMV, Vehicle Title and Excise Tax Fees (excise rate grid by weight and MPG)",
          "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/book/dmv-fees/vehicle-title-and-excise-tax-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "DC DMV, Vehicle Registration Fees (classes effective March 30, 2026)",
          "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/node/155452",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "DC Official Code § 50-2201.03, motor vehicle excise tax",
          "url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2201.03",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "DC DMV, Vehicle Inspection Fees ($35 for 2 years, $10 for a new car, $20 late fee)",
          "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/book/vehicle-fees/vehicle-inspection",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "DC DMV, Parking Permit and Reciprocity Fees (RPP tiers from March 30, 2026)",
          "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/book/vehicle-fees/parking-permit-reciprocity",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "DC DMV, Registration of Out-of-State Automobiles (ROSA)",
          "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/service/registration-out-state-automobile-rosa-0",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "DC DMV, Registration of a New or Used Vehicle (60 days, license first)",
          "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/service/registration-new-or-used-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "DC DMV, Excise Tax Exemption Categories (February 5, 2025)",
          "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dmv/publication/attachments/Amended_Excise_Tax_Exemption_Categories_2.5.25.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "DC DMV, Vehicle Registration Fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/book/dmv-fees/vehicle-registration-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "florida",
      "name": "Florida",
      "abbr": "FL",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/florida/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "FLHSMV",
        "url": "https://www.flhsmv.gov/fees/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 2499,
            "amount": 14.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3499,
            "amount": 22.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 32.5
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Annual registration for automobiles, charged by net weight. Motorcycles are $10.00. FLHSMV publishes these as the base vehicle tax only. A further $13.60 of state statutory fees is billed on every registration and renewal, shown as its own line, which is why county tax collectors list a car at $28.10, $36.10 or $46.10 a year by weight."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 77.25,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 85.25,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "The used-vehicle figure is FLHSMV's original title fee for a car last titled in another state. A used car already titled in Florida transfers for $75.25 instead. A paper title adds a $2.50 service fee. A lien recording adds $2.00.",
        "glossary": "A one off charge for putting the ownership document in your name. Florida charges $75.25 to transfer a Florida title, $77.25 on a new car and $85.25 for a used car last titled in another state."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 28,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Original or replacement license plate fee."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.015,
          "typical": 0.01
        },
        "surtaxCap": 5000,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "6% state rate. A registered dealer may deduct a trade-in allowance from the taxable sales price when the trade happens in a single transaction. County discretionary surtax applies only to the first $5,000 of the purchase price, and the rate is set by the buyer's home address."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": null,
        "note": "The FLHSMV fee schedule lists no separate electric vehicle fee."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Initial registration fee",
          "amount": 225,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "One-time fee charged when a license plate is first issued to you in Florida. Not charged when you transfer a plate you already hold."
        },
        {
          "label": "State statutory fees",
          "amount": 13.6,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 4,
          "note": "Small state fees added to the base vehicle tax on every Florida registration and renewal. The county tax collector totals for a car are $28.10, $36.10 and $46.10 a year by weight, which is the base fee plus $13.60 in each band."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 75.25,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "FLHSMV lists transfer or duplicate title at $75.25. A used vehicle titled in Florida for the first time is the $85.25 figure above."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 2,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": {
          "type": "tiered",
          "amount": null,
          "tiers": [
            {
              "maxLicenseTax": 25,
              "amount": 5
            },
            {
              "maxLicenseTax": 50,
              "amount": 10
            },
            {
              "maxLicenseTax": 100,
              "amount": 15
            },
            {
              "maxLicenseTax": 400,
              "amount": 50
            },
            {
              "maxLicenseTax": 600,
              "amount": 100
            },
            {
              "maxLicenseTax": null,
              "amount": 250
            }
          ]
        },
        "src": 9,
        "note": "Renew after the 10th day of the month following your renewal period and Florida adds a delinquent fee under section 320.07, set by the license tax: $5 for a car under 3,500 lbs (license tax of $25 or less) and $10 for a heavier car (up to $50). It is on top of any ticket for driving on the expired registration.",
        "transferNote": "FLHSMV charges a $20.00 late title fee if you do not apply for the title within the time allowed after the sale.",
        "graceText": "A Florida registration expires at midnight on the first registered owner's birthday, but the late fee only applies if your payment arrives after the 10th day of the following month."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Florida sets no maximum, which is the single biggest reason Florida dealer fees are the highest in the country. What the statute requires is a printed disclosure saying the charge represents costs and profit to the dealer for inspecting, cleaning and adjusting the vehicle and preparing the documents. In other words, the law makes the dealer admit it is partly profit, and then lets them pick the number."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "FLHSMV Fee Schedule",
          "url": "https://www.flhsmv.gov/fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Florida Department of Revenue GT-800030, Sales and Use Tax on Motor Vehicles",
          "url": "https://floridarevenue.com/Forms_library/gt800030.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-21"
        },
        {
          "label": "Florida HSMV, Procedure TL-11, Transfer of Florida Certificate of Title",
          "url": "https://www.flhsmv.gov/pdf/proc/tl/tl-11.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Florida Statutes 501.976, actionable unfair or deceptive acts by a dealer",
          "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0500-0599%2F0501%2FSections%2F0501.976.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Pinellas County Tax Collector, registration fees (1 year automobile: $28.10, $36.10, $46.10 by weight)",
          "url": "https://pinellastaxcollector.gov/fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Miami-Dade County Tax Collector, registration fee calculator ($32.50 base plus $13.60 service fee for a car of 3,500 lbs or more)",
          "url": "https://www.mdctaxcollector.gov/fee-calculator",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Palm Beach County Tax Collector, motor vehicle registration (birthday expiry, late fee timing, renewal options)",
          "url": "https://www.pbctax.gov/motor-vehicle/registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Seminole County Tax Collector, Motor Vehicle Fees (title transfer $75.75 electronic, plate transfer $4.60)",
          "url": "https://seminolecounty.tax/services/motorist-services/motor-vehicle-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Florida Statutes 320.0609, transfer of registration license plates (no transfer fee or added tax between private cars and trucks up to 5,000 lbs; otherwise $4.50 transfer fee and pro rata difference)",
          "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2025/320.0609",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Florida Statutes 320.07(4)(a), delinquent fee schedule by license tax",
          "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0320/Sections/0320.07.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
          "label": "Florida Department of Revenue, FAQ: is a gifted motor vehicle subject to sales tax",
          "url": "https://floridarevenue.com/faq/Pages/FAQDetails.aspx?FAQID=1297",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "georgia",
      "name": "Georgia",
      "abbr": "GA",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/georgia/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "Georgia DOR",
        "counter": "your county tag office",
        "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/motor-vehicles/vehicle-registration-license-plates/motor-vehicles-fees-fines-and-penalties"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 20,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Annual license plate registration or renewal. Georgia calls it the tag fee. A replacement plate or decal is $8.00."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 18,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 18,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "An original title application is $18.00, and so is a title issued for a change of ownership or a lien change. A replacement title for one lost or stolen is $8.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "The $20.00 tag fee covers the plate. A prestige plate replacement is $43.00 and a specialty plate replacement is $8.00 plus $25.00 to $35.00.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "Georgia calls them prestige plates, and the first year costs **$90**. After that it’s **$55 a year**, plus ad valorem tax where it applies."
            },
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "Prestige plate fee",
                  "First year",
                  "Each year after"
                ],
                [
                  "Manufacturing (one time)",
                  "$35",
                  "None"
                ],
                [
                  "Tag fee",
                  "$20",
                  "$20"
                ],
                [
                  "Special tag fee",
                  "$35",
                  "$35"
                ],
                [
                  "Total",
                  "$90",
                  "$55"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "The combination can run to seven characters, spaces included, with no punctuation, and it only comes on the standard peach plate. Apply on form MV-9B, and use the lookup linked from {check} to see whether your combination is free."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            11,
            12
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/motor-vehicles/vehicle-registration-license-plates/specialty-prestige-license-plates",
            "label": "Georgia DOR’s prestige plate page"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.07,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInDealerOnly": true,
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "fair_market_value",
        "label": "Title Ad Valorem Tax",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Georgia does not charge sales tax on a car. It charges a one time Title Ad Valorem Tax, TAVT, at 7% when the car is titled in your name, and that replaces both the sales tax and the annual ad valorem tax the state used to charge every year. Two things to know. TAVT is worked out on the fair market value from the state's own assessment manual, not always on what you paid, so treat the figure here as an estimate based on your price. And the trade-in only comes off the value when a dealer makes the sale. Buy privately and the trade-in counts for nothing."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 238.59,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": "the year running 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Georgia charges an annual alternative fuel vehicle license fee of $238.59 for a non commercial vehicle and $357.98 for a commercial one. It applies to cars running only on electricity, and to plug in hybrids and flex fuel cars that have chosen alternative fuel plates. The amount is re-set every July from fuel efficiency and inflation figures, so it moves each year.",
        "vrNote": "Paid with the tag every year: $238.59 for a personal electric car from July 2026, recalculated each July."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 18,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "A title for a change of ownership is $18.00, the same as an original. Applying more than 30 days after the sale adds a $10.00 penalty, and TAVT paid late adds 5% after day 30 on a dealer sale or 10% on a private sale, rising monthly."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "There is no separate lien fee. A lien is added or changed by issuing a title, which is the same $18.00."
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": {
          "type": "percent",
          "amount": 0.25,
          "tiers": null
        },
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Renewing a plate late costs 10% of the ad valorem tax due plus 25% of the tag fee, with a $5.00 minimum. Most cars titled since 2013 pay no annual ad valorem tax, so in practice the penalty is the 25% on the $20.00 tag.",
        "vrNote": "Each late renewal adds a quarter of the tag fee, never less than $5, plus 10% of any annual ad valorem tax owed on the car."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "The fee is legal and uncapped, but Georgia makes the dealer build it into the advertised price, so the number you see should already include it. Only tax, title, tag and Lemon Law fees may sit outside that price. A dealer that advertises a car and then adds the fee on top is breaking the state's advertising law, which the Attorney General enforces."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicles Fees, Fines and Penalties",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/motor-vehicles/vehicle-registration-license-plates/motor-vehicles-fees-fines-and-penalties",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Vehicle Taxes: Title Ad Valorem Tax and Annual Ad Valorem Tax",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/motor-vehicles/vehicle-registration-license-plates/vehicle-taxes-title-ad-valorem-tax-tavt-and",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Title Ad Valorem Tax FAQ",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/title-ad-valorem-tax-tavt-faq",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Alternative Fuel and Low-Speed Vehicles Annual Licensing Fees, July 2026",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/alternative-fuel-and-low-speed-vehicles-annual-licensing-fees-july-2026",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Attorney General Consumer Protection Division, dealer fees and advertised price",
          "url": "https://consumered.georgia.gov/ask-ed/2019-10-30/what-maximum-amount-car-dealer-can-charge-doc-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "DeKalb County Tax Commissioner, vehicle taxes (TAVT 7% from 1 July 2023, 3% for new residents, 0.5% family transfers, veteran exemptions)",
          "url": "https://dekalbtaxga.gov/motor-vehicles/vehicle-taxes/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "DeKalb County Tax Commissioner, tag renewals (late penalties, Kroger kiosks, online renewal limits)",
          "url": "https://dekalbtaxga.gov/motor-vehicles/tag-renewals/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Hall County Tax Commissioner, vehicle FAQ (30 days for new residents, TAVT at 3%)",
          "url": "https://hallcountytax.org/vehicles/vehicle-faq/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Clean Air Force, before you test (13 counties, 2026 model years, test cost up to $25)",
          "url": "https://cleanairforce.com/motorists/before-you-test",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "DeKalb County Tax Commissioner, insurance (lapse and reinstatement fees)",
          "url": "https://dekalbtaxga.gov/motor-vehicles/insurance/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Code 40-2-151, license fees",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-40-motor-vehicles-and-traffic/ga-code-sect-40-2-151/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia DOR, License Plate Details: Prestige plate (fees, characters, form MV-9B)",
          "url": "https://mvd.dor.ga.gov/motor/plates/PlateDetails.aspx?PlateCode=PR",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia DOR, Specialty and Prestige License Plates",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/motor-vehicles/vehicle-registration-license-plates/specialty-prestige-license-plates",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Two-Year Registration FAQ ($40, new passenger cars from a dealer, standard plate only)",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/two-year-registration-faq",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Vehicle Registration Renewal FAQ (notices, online renewal up to 90 days early, late penalties)",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/vehicle-registration-renewal-faq",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Revenue, MVD-2023-02, TAVT rate changing to 7% on July 1, 2023",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/document/document/mvd-2023-02-title-ad-valorem-tax-tavt-rate-changing-7-percent/download",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Form MV-16, Affidavit to Certify Immediate Family Relationship",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/document/document-document/mv-16-affidavit-certify-immediate-family-relationship/download",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "hawaii",
      "name": "Hawaii",
      "abbr": "HI",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/hawaii/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Hawaii county motor vehicle offices (state Department of Transportation)",
        "short": "Hawaii DMV",
        "url": "https://hidot.hawaii.gov/highways/library/motor-vehicle-registration/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "perPoundWeight",
        "base": 46,
        "label": "State registration fee and weight tax",
        "tiers": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 4000,
            "perLb": 0.0175
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 7000,
            "perLb": 0.02
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 10000,
            "perLb": 0.0225
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "flat": 300
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "A Hawaii registration bill has several parts. The state charges a flat $46 fee plus a weight tax per pound: 1.75 cents a pound up to 4,000 lbs, 2 cents to 7,000 lbs, 2.25 cents to 10,000 lbs, and a flat $300 above that. Your county adds a $20 registration fee and its own weight tax, and there is a $10 highway beautification fee and a 50 cent emblem. The county weight tax is usually the biggest single charge: 7 cents a pound on Oahu, 3.5 cents on Maui, 2 cents on Kauai and 1.25 cents on the Big Island. Honolulu works a 3,320 lb car out at $367 a year."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Hawaii certificate of title is about $10, handled by your county motor vehicle office."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 5,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "An initial plate fee of $5.00 applies only when new plates are issued. In Hawaii the plates normally stay with the car when it is sold."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county weight tax",
        "lineLabel": "County weight tax (Oahu rate)",
        "perLb": {
          "rate": 0.07,
          "minimum": 12
        },
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Estimated at the City and County of Honolulu rate of 7 cents a pound. On a neighbor island it is less: Maui 3.5 cents, Kauai 2 cents, Hawaii County 1.25 cents, each with a $12 minimum."
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.04,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0.005,
          "max": 0.005,
          "typical": 0.005
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "none",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "general excise tax",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Hawaii has no sales tax. It has a 4% general excise tax (GET), and since Maui County added its surcharge on January 1, 2024, all four counties add 0.5%, so the tax is 4.5% everywhere. It is charged to the dealer, who may pass on up to 4.712%, and there is no trade-in credit: it is worked out on the full price. A private sale is a casual sale and is not taxed. A car a Hawaii resident buys out of state and ships in owes use tax on its landed value, less any sales tax paid to the other state.",
        "privateSaleExempt": true,
        "localLabel": "County surcharge",
        "localNote": "All four counties add the same 0.5% surcharge to the 4% GET."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 50,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 10,
        "note": "Hawaii charges electric vehicles $50 a year. Since July 1, 2025 that comes through the Hawaii Road Usage Charge (HiRUC): at renewal an EV owner picks either the flat $50 or $8 per 1,000 miles, capped at $50, with the mileage read at the safety inspection. From July 1, 2028 every EV is moved to the per-mile charge. Hybrids and plug-in hybrids are not part of it. Maui County also charges its own $100 a year on EVs and $50 on hybrids."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "County registration fee",
          "amount": 20,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 4,
          "note": "The county charges $20 a year per vehicle on top of the state fee."
        },
        {
          "label": "Highway beautification fee",
          "amount": 10,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 4,
          "note": "A $10 state highway beautification fee, part of the yearly bill in Honolulu."
        },
        {
          "label": "Registration emblem",
          "amount": 0.5,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 4,
          "note": "The yearly emblem (sticker) for the plate is 50 cents."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Transferring the title is $10 if you do it within 30 days of the date the seller signed it over. After 30 days a $50 penalty is added."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 16,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Hawaii registration is due by the last working day of the month on your emblem. Pay after that and a flat $16 penalty is added for a passenger car ($8 county weight tax penalty plus $8 state weight tax penalty). Buy a car whose registration has lapsed and you are billed for every year it went unregistered.",
        "graceText": "Hawaii has no grace period. Registration is due by the last working day of the expiration month (the next working day if that falls on a weekend or holiday), and after that a flat $16 penalty applies to a passenger car.",
        "transferNote": "a vehicle you buy has to be transferred into your name within 30 days of the date on the title, or a $50 penalty is added to the $10 transfer fee."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Hawaii does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "HRS 249-31, state vehicle registration fee and electric-vehicle surcharge",
          "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol04_Ch0201-0257/HRS0249/HRS_0249-0031.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "HRS 249-33, state vehicle weight tax",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/hawaii/title-14/chapter-249/section-249-33/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Hawaii Department of Taxation, General Excise Tax (4% plus a 0.5% county surcharge in every county)",
          "url": "https://tax.hawaii.gov/geninfo/get/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tax Foundation of Hawaii, Motor Vehicle Weight Tax (county ordinances)",
          "url": "https://www.tfhawaii.org/wordpress/state-tax-resources/mini-tax-guides/motor-vehicle-weight-tax-chapter-249-county-ordinances/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "City and County of Honolulu, motor vehicle registration (fee breakdown, $367 example, $16 late penalty)",
          "url": "https://www.honolulu.gov/csd/motor-vehicle-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "City and County of Honolulu, vehicle ownership transfer ($10 title transfer, $50 penalty after 30 days)",
          "url": "https://www.honolulu.gov/csd/vehicle-ownership-transfer/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Hawaii Department of Transportation, safety inspection fees from July 1, 2025 ($25.75)",
          "url": "https://hidot.hawaii.gov/administration/updates-to-motor-vehicle-safety-inspection-fees-for-2025/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "County of Hawaii, out-of-state vehicle permit ($5, 30 days from arrival)",
          "url": "https://www.vrl.hawaiicounty.gov/motor-vehicle-registration/out-of-state-permit",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Hawaii Department of Taxation, Form G-27 instructions (motor vehicle use tax and exemptions)",
          "url": "https://files.hawaii.gov/tax/forms/2019/g27_i.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Hawaii Department of Taxation, Tax Announcement 2023-05 (Maui County GET surcharge from January 1, 2024)",
          "url": "https://files.hawaii.gov/tax/news/announce/ann23-05.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii Road Usage Charge program",
          "url": "https://www.honolulu.gov/csd/hiruc-program/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "idaho",
      "name": "Idaho",
      "abbr": "ID",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/idaho/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Idaho Transportation Department, Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Idaho DMV",
        "url": "https://itd.idaho.gov/dmv/registrations-plates-titles/vehicle-registrations/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "age",
        "age": [
          {
            "maxYears": 1,
            "amount": 69
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 5,
            "amount": 57
          },
          {
            "maxYears": null,
            "amount": 45
          }
        ],
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Idaho sets the state registration fee by the age of the car, and it falls as the car gets older: $69.00 for a car one or two years old, $57.00 from three to six years, and $45.00 at seven years and older. A $1.25 emergency medical services fee is added, and your county adds its own administration fee of $3 to $14. In Ada County the highway district also charges $24 to $40 by age."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 14,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 14,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "The state title fee is $14, and most counties add a title administration fee of up to $18.75. In Ada County that makes it $21."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Plates come with the registration and stay with you, not the car. Since July 1, 2026 Idaho no longer issues registration stickers, and plates are no longer replaced every ten years: you keep using them until they are stolen, damaged or no longer legible."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 3,
        "max": 14,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county administration fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Idaho charges a flat 6% sales tax on a vehicle. A trade-in only comes off the price when you buy from a licensed dealer. Buy privately and you pay the 6% at the county office when you title the car. Local option taxes can also apply where you live."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 140,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 75,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Idaho adds a yearly fee to a car that pays little or no fuel tax: $140 for a full electric car and $75 for a plug-in hybrid, charged with the registration on top of the age-based fee."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Emergency medical services fee",
          "amount": 1.25,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $1.25 EMS fee added to every passenger vehicle registration."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 14,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $14 title fee, paid at the county office when you register."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "You can renew online up to a year before or after your registration expires, and renewing early does not move your expiration date. There is no sticker to show any more, but the registration still has to be current, and police check it electronically. A title filed more than 30 days after you buy the car costs a $20 late filing penalty.",
        "faq": "Since July 1, 2026 there is no sticker, so an expired registration is not visible on the plate, but police check registration electronically, so it can still get you stopped. Idaho lets you renew online up to a year after it expires. The separate deadline to watch is the title: file it within 30 days of buying the car or pay a $20 late filing penalty."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Idaho does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the paperwork, and figures of a few hundred dollars are common."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Idaho Transportation Department, Vehicle Registrations",
          "url": "https://itd.idaho.gov/dmv/registrations-plates-titles/vehicle-registrations/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho Code 49-402, registration fees by vehicle age",
          "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch4/sect49-402/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho Code 49-457, electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle fees",
          "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch4/sect49-457/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho State Tax Commission, sales and use tax on vehicles (6%)",
          "url": "https://tax.idaho.gov/taxes/sales-use/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho Transportation Department, Permanent Plates and No Registration Stickers (HB 533 and HB 577, from July 1, 2026)",
          "url": "https://itd.idaho.gov/faqs/permanent-plates-and-no-registration-stickers/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ada County Assessor, Vehicle Registration, Renewals and Titles (title admin fee, VIN inspection, new-resident tax rule, late title penalty)",
          "url": "https://adacounty.id.gov/assessor/dmv-registrations-renewals-titles/vehicle-registration-renewals/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ada County Highway District, Vehicle Registration Fees (local fee by age, reauthorization ballot)",
          "url": "https://www.achdidaho.org/my-commute/commuter-resources/vehicle-registration-fee",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho Transportation Department, Driver Manual chapter 10, title and registration (90-day residency)",
          "url": "https://apps.itd.idaho.gov/apps/dmv-audio/documents/DLChapter10.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho State Tax Commission, Types of Sales (gifts and family sales of motor vehicles)",
          "url": "https://tax.idaho.gov/taxes/sales-use/transportation/motor-vehicles/nondealers/types-of-sales/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "illinois",
      "name": "Illinois",
      "abbr": "IL",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/illinois/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Illinois Secretary of State, Vehicle Services",
        "short": "Illinois SOS",
        "counter": "an Illinois Secretary of State facility",
        "url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/vehicles/basicfees.html"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 151,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Annual passenger plate renewal. Motorcycles are $41.00. A personalized plate is $158.00 and a vanity plate is $164.00."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 165,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 165,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Illinois charges $165.00 for an original title whether the vehicle is new or used. A duplicate or corrected title is $50.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "The $151.00 registration is the plate fee. A replacement sticker is $20.00 and a replacement plate is $6.00.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "Illinois has two custom options, priced differently. A vanity plate costs **$94** once and adds $13 to each renewal. A personalized plate costs **$47** once and adds $7."
            },
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "Passenger car",
                  "Vanity",
                  "Personalized"
                ],
                [
                  "One-time fee",
                  "$94",
                  "$47"
                ],
                [
                  "First plates, car already titled to you",
                  "$245",
                  "$198"
                ],
                [
                  "First plates, car you just bought ($165 title included)",
                  "$410",
                  "$363"
                ],
                [
                  "Yearly renewal (standard plate is $151)",
                  "$164",
                  "$158"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Still more than 90 days left on your current plates? Then it’s the one-time fee plus a $29 replacement fee: $123 for vanity, $76 for personalized. Order through {check}."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            13
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/vehicles/pick-a-plate.html",
            "label": "the Secretary of State’s Pick-a-Plate service"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0625,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.0125,
          "typical": 0
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "6.25% is the base rate on a dealer purchase. Cook County is 7.5%, the collar counties of DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will are 7.25%, and Madison and St Clair are 6.5% inside the Metro East Transit District. A trade-in comes off the taxable amount, but it has to be shown on the dealer's bill of sale. Buying privately is different: Illinois charges a flat amount from a table based on the age and price of the vehicle rather than a percentage, so the figure here applies to a dealer purchase."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 100,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": "electric vehicles registered since 1 January 2020",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Charged on top of the $151.00 registration, making $251.00 a year in total. Illinois levies it in lieu of the motor fuel tax an electric vehicle does not pay.",
        "vrNote": "A yearly $100 in place of the fuel tax, so an electric car's plates come to $251."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 165,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $165.00 original title fee. A corrected title later is $50.00."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "graceText": "Illinois publishes no grace period for an expired sticker. What it does give you: if you renew online before the expiration date, the printed receipt counts as proof of registration for 30 days past the old sticker's date while the new sticker is mailed.",
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 11,
        "note": "Neither the Secretary of State's fee schedule nor the fee section of the Vehicle Code (625 ILCS 5/3-821) lists a late fee for renewing a sticker after it expires, so renewing late costs the normal $151. The cost of being late is the ticket for expired registration, and in Chicago a separate ticket of at least $200 for a missing city vehicle sticker.",
        "transferNote": "the certificate of title has to be sent to the Secretary of State within 20 days of the sale, and missing that deadline is a petty offense rather than a fee."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Illinois caps the documentary fee by formula: a base of $300.00 from 1 January 2020, adjusted every year by the change in the Consumer Price Index. No state agency publishes the yearly figure; dealer industry sources put the 2026 cap at $377.63. A dealer charging more than the indexed cap is breaking the law, so ask to see the current maximum."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Illinois Secretary of State, Vehicle Services Fees",
          "url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/vehicles/basicfees.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Department of Revenue, RUT-25 Vehicle Use Tax Return instructions",
          "url": "https://tax.illinois.gov/forms/sales/vehicleusetax/rut-25-instr.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Secretary of State, Electric Vehicle License Plates (625 ILCS 5/12-805)",
          "url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/vehicles/license-plate-guide/electric-vehicle.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Department of Revenue, RUT-50 Private Party Vehicle Use Tax instructions",
          "url": "https://tax.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/tax/forms/sales/documents/vehicleusetax/rut-50-instr.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Compiled Statutes 815 ILCS 375/11.1, documentary fee",
          "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2340&ChapterID=67",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Vehicle Code, 625 ILCS 5/3-113, transfer of a certificate of title",
          "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K3-113.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Secretary of State, License Plates Renewal (Registration ID and PIN, emissions, 30-day receipt under 625 ILCS 5/3-701)",
          "url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/vehicles/onlinerenewals.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Vehicle Code, 625 ILCS 5/3-801 (30-day grace period for new residents)",
          "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K3-801.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois EPA, Vehicle Emissions Testing Program",
          "url": "https://epa.illinois.gov/topics/air-quality/mobile-sources/vehicle-emissions-testing.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Department on Aging, Benefit Access Program eligibility and license plate discount",
          "url": "https://ilaging.illinois.gov/benefitsaccess/eligibility-20and-20frequently-asked-questions.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Office of the Chicago City Clerk, City Vehicle Sticker FAQs (2026 prices)",
          "url": "https://www.chicityclerk.com/chicago-city-vehicle-sticker-faq",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Vehicle Code, 625 ILCS 5/3-821 (miscellaneous registration and title fees)",
          "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K3-821.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Vehicle Code, 625 ILCS 5/3-402(C) (45 days after buying a vehicle out of state)",
          "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K3-402.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Secretary of State, Passenger License Plates (vanity and personalized plate fees)",
          "url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/vehicles/license-plate-guide/passenger.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "indiana",
      "name": "Indiana",
      "abbr": "IN",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/indiana/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Indiana BMV",
        "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/fees-taxes/vehicle-registration-fees-and-taxes/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 21.35,
          "src": 4
        },
        "note": "Indiana registers a passenger car for a flat $21.35, the same figure whatever the car weighs or is worth. Every registration then carries the $15 Transportation Infrastructure Improvement Fee, shown on its own line, and the annual excise tax, which is the big number. Other types have their own flat fees on the BMV chart: a motorcycle is $26.35, a recreational vehicle $29.35 and a truck up to 11,000 lbs $30.35.",
        "vrNote": "A passenger car is $21.35 whatever it weighs or is worth. The $15 Transportation Infrastructure Improvement Fee is billed beside it at every registration, and the excise tax, set by price class and age, is the largest part."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "Motor Vehicle Excise Tax",
        "category": "tax",
        "per": 1,
        "classSchedule": [
          {
            "maxPrice": 1499,
            "amounts": [
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 2249,
            "amounts": [
              36,
              30,
              27,
              24,
              18,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 2999,
            "amounts": [
              50,
              50,
              42,
              33,
              24,
              18,
              12,
              12,
              12,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 3999,
            "amounts": [
              50,
              50,
              50,
              50,
              48,
              36,
              24,
              18,
              12,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 5499,
            "amounts": [
              66,
              57,
              50,
              50,
              50,
              50,
              42,
              24,
              12,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 6999,
            "amounts": [
              84,
              74,
              63,
              52,
              50,
              50,
              49,
              30,
              18,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 8499,
            "amounts": [
              103,
              92,
              77,
              64,
              52,
              50,
              50,
              40,
              21,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 9999,
            "amounts": [
              123,
              110,
              93,
              78,
              64,
              50,
              50,
              50,
              34,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 12499,
            "amounts": [
              150,
              134,
              115,
              98,
              82,
              65,
              52,
              50,
              40,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 14999,
            "amounts": [
              172,
              149,
              130,
              112,
              96,
              79,
              65,
              53,
              50,
              12
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 17999,
            "amounts": [
              207,
              179,
              156,
              135,
              115,
              94,
              78,
              64,
              50,
              21
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 21999,
            "amounts": [
              250,
              217,
              189,
              163,
              139,
              114,
              94,
              65,
              50,
              26
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 24999,
            "amounts": [
              300,
              260,
              225,
              184,
              150,
              121,
              96,
              65,
              50,
              30
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 29999,
            "amounts": [
              350,
              304,
              265,
              228,
              195,
              160,
              132,
              91,
              50,
              36
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 34999,
            "amounts": [
              406,
              353,
              307,
              257,
              210,
              169,
              134,
              91,
              50,
              42
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 42499,
            "amounts": [
              469,
              407,
              355,
              306,
              261,
              214,
              177,
              129,
              63,
              49
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": null,
            "amounts": [
              532,
              461,
              398,
              347,
              296,
              242,
              192,
              129,
              63,
              50
            ]
          }
        ],
        "src": 1,
        "note": "This is the charge that moves an Indiana registration the most, and it is billed every year with the plates. It does not work as a rate. The car is placed in one of seventeen price classes by its original list price when new, and inside that class the tax is a set dollar amount that steps down each year the car ages. A car that listed near $30,000 pays $406 in its first year, then $353, then $307, easing down to a floor as it gets old. The cheapest cars pay a flat $12. Enter the original list price and the model year above for the figure on your own car."
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 4
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 4
        },
        "note": "An Indiana certificate of title is $15, new or used. A speed title costs $25, and the BMV charges a $30 administrative penalty for a late title."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Indiana’s standard plate has no price of its own; it comes with the registration, excise tax and any county wheel tax. Moving, amending or replacing a plate, decal or registration is $9.50, and a temporary permit is $18.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "The black plate you see around Indiana is the **Blackout** plate, sold since August 8, 2025. It costs **$45 a year** on top of your registration, and putting your own message on it adds another $45. Switching before your registration is due means a branch visit and the $9.50 replacement plate fee as well."
            },
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "Indiana plate choice",
                  "Extra each year"
                ],
                [
                  "Standard passenger plate",
                  "None"
                ],
                [
                  "Personalized message on a standard plate",
                  "$45"
                ],
                [
                  "Blackout",
                  "$45"
                ],
                [
                  "Blackout with your own message",
                  "$90"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "ul": [
                "Up to 8 characters on a standard passenger plate and 6 on a motorcycle; distinctive plates allow 6 and 5.",
                "Letters A to Z and numbers 0 to 9 only, at least two characters, never all numbers, and no more than one space in a row.",
                "The plate is mailed about 30 days after the BMV approves your message.",
                "Let the registration lapse for more than a calendar year and the message goes back on offer the next January 1.",
                "A denied message can be appealed, but only within 18 days of the denial letter."
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "You can only keep a personalized message when moving it onto a Blackout plate if you do it at a branch; the online and kiosk route drops it. The In God We Trust number sequence can’t be used on a Blackout plate. Check whether a message is free on {check}."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            4,
            8,
            9
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/registration-plates/license-plates-overview/personalized-license-plates",
            "label": "the BMV’s personalized plate page"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county or city vehicle excise surtax",
        "src": 7
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.07,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Indiana charges 7% sales tax on a vehicle, and no county or city adds a sales tax on top, so the rate is the same wherever you live in the state. The tax is worked out on the price after a trade-in is deducted, as long as the trade-in is titled in your name. Buy from a private seller and there is no dealer to collect it, but you still pay the 7% when you title the car at the BMV."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 242,
        "hybrid": 81,
        "phev": 81,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Indiana adds a supplemental fee to the registration of an electric or hybrid car to stand in for the fuel tax it pays little or none of. The BMV's 2026 fee chart lists $242 for an electric car and $81 for a hybrid, charged at first registration and every renewal on top of the ordinary registration, the improvement fee and the excise tax.",
        "vrNote": "Electric cars pay $242 more and hybrids $81, billed with the plates every year on top of the other charges."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Transportation Infrastructure Improvement Fee",
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 4,
          "note": "A flat $15 road-funding fee added to every vehicle registration, charged again at each renewal."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $15 title fee, paid when you register the car."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 15,
        "src": 5,
        "graceText": "Indiana has no grace period. Renew on or before the expiration date set by your last name, or the BMV adds a $15 administrative penalty.",
        "note": "Renew on or before your registration's expiration date or the BMV adds a $15 administrative penalty, with the registration fee and excise tax still owed in full. A late title carries a separate $30 penalty.",
        "transferNote": "Register a car bought from another Indiana resident within 45 days. After that the BMV adds a $15 late registration penalty, and a late title adds $30."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Indiana does not cap the dealer documentation fee. The dealer sets it and it has to be shown on the paperwork, and figures around $150 to $200 are common."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Indiana BMV, Vehicle Registration Fees and Taxes",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/fees-taxes/vehicle-registration-fees-and-taxes/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana BMV, Excise Tax Information (excise tax schedule by class and age)",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/fees-taxes/vehicle-registration-fees-and-taxes/excise-tax-information/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana Code 6-6-5, Motor Vehicle Excise Tax",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-6/article-6/chapter-5/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana Department of Revenue, Sales Tax Information Bulletin #28S (motor vehicles)",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/dor/legal-resources/tax-library/information-bulletins/sales-tax-information-bulletins/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana BMV, fee chart (revised 1 January 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/files/Fee_Chart.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana BMV, vehicle registrations (new registration, renewal, penalties)",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/registration-plates/vehicle-registrations/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana BMV, registration expiration schedule by last name",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/files/Registration_Expiration_Schedule.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana BMV, municipal vehicle excise surtax and wheel tax rates",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/fees-taxes/files/MunicipalSurandWheelTax.xlsx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana BMV, License Plates Overview (Blackout plate from August 8, 2025, $45 a year)",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/registration-plates/license-plates-overview/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana BMV, Personalized License Plates (character limits, 30 days, release rule)",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/registration-plates/license-plates-overview/personalized-license-plates",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana Department of Revenue, Form ST-108E, Certificate of Gross Retail or Use Tax Exemption",
          "url": "https://forms.in.gov/download.aspx?id=7261",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana Register, Department of Revenue letter of findings on an in-law vehicle transfer (2026)",
          "url": "https://iar.iga.in.gov/register/20260225-IR-045260040NRA",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "iowa",
      "name": "Iowa",
      "abbr": "IA",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/iowa/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Iowa Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "Iowa DOT",
        "url": "https://iowadot.gov/registration-plates/vehicle-registration-titles/register-vehicle"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "valueWeight",
        "valueRate": 0.01,
        "weightPerCwt": 0.4,
        "ageFactors": [
          {
            "maxYears": 7,
            "factor": 1
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 9,
            "factor": 0.75
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 11,
            "factor": 0.5
          }
        ],
        "flatBeyond": {
          "minYears": 12,
          "amount": 50
        },
        "minimum": 50,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Iowa works the annual fee out from two things added together: 1% of the car's list price when it was new, plus 40 cents for every 100 lbs it weighs. So a 3,000 lb car that listed at $18,500 is about $197 a year ($185 plus $12). The value part is written down as the car ages: it is full for the first seven model years, then 75% once the car is more than seven, 50% once it is more than nine, and at twelve model years old the whole fee becomes a flat $50. The fee is never less than $50. Enter the original list price above for your own figure."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 35,
          "src": 4
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 35,
          "src": 4
        },
        "note": "An Iowa certificate of title is $35: the $30 title fee set by Iowa Code 321.20 plus a $5 surcharge."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration. In Iowa the plates stay with the seller when a vehicle is sold."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "local fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.05,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "fee for new registration",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Iowa does not charge sales tax on a vehicle. It charges a one-time fee for new registration instead: a flat $10 plus 5% of the purchase price, paid when you first register the car in your name. A trade-in comes off the price before the 5% is worked out. The $10 flat part is shown as a separate line in the estimate."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 130,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 65,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Iowa charges a supplemental annual fee on top of the normal registration for a plug-in vehicle, to make up for the fuel tax it does not pay: $130 for a battery-electric vehicle and $65 for a plug-in hybrid. Iowa also charges an excise on electricity dispensed at public charging stations."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Fee for new registration, flat part",
          "amount": 10,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "The flat $10 part of Iowa's fee for new registration, charged once with the 5% above when you first register the car."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 35,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $35 ($30 plus the $5 surcharge), and it can be done at any county treasurer in Iowa."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 20,
        "src": 5
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 5,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "Iowa lets you renew without penalty during a three-month window: the month before your renewal month, the renewal month itself and the month after. Miss it and the county treasurer adds 5% of the annual fee a month, rounded to the dollar, with a $5.00 minimum. After 24 months unpaid it becomes a flat 150% of the current fee.",
        "graceText": "Iowa gives you a three-month window to renew without penalty: the month before your renewal month, the month itself and the month after. After that the penalty is 5% of the annual fee for each month, at least $5.00.",
        "transferNote": "a newly bought vehicle has to be titled and registered within 30 days. After that the treasurer adds a $10.00 title penalty and a registration penalty of 5% a month, at least $5.00."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 180,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Iowa caps the dealer documentary fee at $180. A dealer can charge up to that for handling the paperwork, and it has to be shown on the sale."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Iowa Tax And Tags, Registration Fees by Vehicle Type",
          "url": "https://www.iowataxandtags.org/vehicle-registration/registration-fees-by-vehicle-type/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Code 321.113, automatic reduction (75% past seven model years, 50% past nine, $50 at twelve; 60% of the $50 is value-based)",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.113.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Code 321.105A, fee for new registration",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.105A.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Code 321.116, battery electric and plug-in hybrid supplemental fees",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.116.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Code 321.20 and 321.52A, $30 title fee plus $5 surcharge",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.20.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Woodbury County Treasurer, title and registration fees ($35 title, $20 lien, $10 title penalty)",
          "url": "https://www.woodburycountyiowa.gov/treasurer/title_and_registration_fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Tax And Tags (county treasurers), vehicle registration and renewal window",
          "url": "https://www.iowataxandtags.org/vehicle-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Tax And Tags, vehicle and license plate FAQs (refunds, title transfers, deductibility)",
          "url": "https://www.iowataxandtags.org/vehicle-registration/frequently-asked-questions/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Tax And Tags, selling your vehicle",
          "url": "https://www.iowataxandtags.org/vehicle-registration/selling-your-vehicle/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Code 321.134, monthly penalty",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.134.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa DOT, register a vehicle (30 days for new residents, EV supplemental fees)",
          "url": "https://iowadot.gov/registration-plates/vehicle-registration-titles/register-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Code 321.117, motorcycle fees",
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.117.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "kansas",
      "name": "Kansas",
      "abbr": "KS",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/kansas/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Kansas Department of Revenue, Division of Vehicles",
        "short": "Kansas DOV",
        "url": "https://www.ksrevenue.gov/dovindex.html"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 4500,
            "amount": 30
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 40
          }
        ],
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Kansas registration itself is cheap: $30 a year for a car up to 4,500 lbs and $40 above that, plus $12.25 of state and county surcharges on every registration. What surprises people is the annual vehicle property tax, which your county collects at the same time, every year, and which is usually the biggest line on the bill. It is worked out from the car's value and your local mill levy, so it differs by county and falls as the car gets older. Kansas publishes an official vehicle property tax calculator for the exact amount."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 2
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 2
        },
        "note": "A Kansas certificate of title is $10."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 0.5,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration; a new plate carries a $0.50 reflectorized plate fee. Personalized plates are $45.50."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county property tax",
        "src": 2
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.065,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.05,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Kansas charges 6.5% state sales tax on a vehicle, and your city and county add their own on top, so the combined rate is usually somewhere between about 7.5% and 10% depending on where you live. It is based on where you register the car, not where you buy it. A trade-in comes off the price before the tax is worked out."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 165,
        "hybrid": 70,
        "phev": 100,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Kansas charges an extra annual registration fee on electric and hybrid cars, raised on January 1, 2026: $165 a year for an all-electric vehicle, $100 for a plug-in hybrid and $70 for a regular hybrid, on top of the normal registration."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Highway Patrol and training surcharge",
          "amount": 2,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "A $2.00 surcharge on every registration and renewal."
        },
        {
          "label": "Law Enforcement Training Center surcharge",
          "amount": 1.25,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "A $1.25 surcharge on every registration and renewal."
        },
        {
          "label": "DMV modernization surcharge",
          "amount": 4,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "A $4.00 surcharge on every registration and renewal."
        },
        {
          "label": "County service fee",
          "amount": 5,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "A $5.00 county service fee on every registration and renewal."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $10 title fee, paid at your county treasurer's office."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 1.5,
        "src": 2
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 1,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Kansas renewals are due by the last day of a month set by the first letter of your last name. Renew late and $1.00 is added for each month or part of a month, and a county will not renew if you owe vehicle property tax from an earlier year.",
        "graceText": "Kansas has no grace period after your renewal month ends. Each month or part of a month late adds $1.00 to the registration fee, and the county will not renew while earlier vehicle property tax is unpaid.",
        "transferNote": "a vehicle you buy has to be registered within 60 days of the purchase date on the title; from day 61 interest and penalties can apply."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Kansas does not cap the dealer documentation or administrative fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Kansas Department of Revenue, Pub. KS-1526 Business Taxes for Motor Vehicle Transactions",
          "url": "https://www.ksrevenue.gov/pub1526.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-24"
        },
        {
          "label": "K.S.A. 8-143, annual registration fees and electric and hybrid vehicle fees",
          "url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_001_0043.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-24"
        },
        {
          "label": "Johnson County Treasury, Motor Vehicle Fees (registration, title, vehicle property tax)",
          "url": "https://www.jocogov.org/department/treasury-taxation-and-vehicles/vehicle-registrations-and-titling/motor-vehicle-fees-and-payment-options",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Johnson County Treasury, renew your vehicle registration (last-name schedule, online renewal rules)",
          "url": "https://www.jocogov.org/department/treasury-taxation-and-vehicles/vehicle-registrations-and-titling/renew-your-vehicle-registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Johnson County Treasury, transfer your vehicle registration from another state (90 days, KHP VIN inspection)",
          "url": "https://www.jocogov.org/department/treasury-taxation-and-vehicles/vehicle-registrations-and-titling/transfer-your-vehicle-registration-another-state",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Johnson County Treasury, register your recently purchased vehicle (60 days)",
          "url": "https://www.jocogov.org/department/treasury-taxation-and-vehicles/vehicle-registrations-and-titling/register-your-recently-purchased-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kansas Department of Revenue, Form TR-215, Affidavit of Relationship",
          "url": "https://www.ksrevenue.gov/pdf/tr215.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kansas Department of Revenue, Form TR-12, Vehicle Gift Certification",
          "url": "https://www.ksrevenue.gov/pdf/tr12.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "kentucky",
      "name": "Kentucky",
      "abbr": "KY",
      "verified": "2026-11-04",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/kentucky/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Division of Motor Vehicle Licensing",
        "short": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet",
        "url": "https://drive.ky.gov/Vehicles/Pages/Vehicle-Titling.aspx"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 21,
          "src": 8
        },
        "note": "A standard Kentucky plate is $21.00 a year at every county clerk, the figure set by KRS 64.012 as amended by House Bill 537. Most of a renewal bill is something else: the annual motor vehicle property tax, charged on the car's clean trade-in value as of 1 January. The state rate for 2026 is 45 cents per $100, and county, school, city and fire district rates go on top, so in Louisville, Lexington and Bowling Green the total runs from about $1.20 to $1.45 per $100. It is not included in this estimate because the local part depends on your address."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 9,
          "src": 1
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 9,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "A title application is $9.00, split $6.00 to the county clerk and $3.00 to the Transportation Cabinet. A corrected or reprinted title is $6.00. A speed title, mailed the next working day, is $25.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Your county clerk hands over the plate with the registration. A temporary tag from Frankfort is $5.00 and lasts fifteen days.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "A personalized plate in Kentucky costs **$25** on top of the registration, paid to your county clerk. The catch is the order: the Transportation Cabinet has to **pre-approve** your combination before the clerk will take the money."
            },
            {
              "ol": [
                "Pick a design on the state’s Plate List, then choose “Personalize this plate” to check the combination.",
                "Submit the request online. Combinations are first come, first served.",
                "Watch for the pre-approval email, which often lands in spam.",
                "Take that email to the clerk in your county and pay the $25.",
                "Collect the plate from the clerk, usually four to six weeks later."
              ]
            },
            {
              "ul": [
                "Up to six letters or numbers plus a space or dash on a car; five on a motorcycle.",
                "Since July 19, 2023, the letters I, Q and U can’t be used on new requests.",
                "A rejected combination can be appealed. The committee meets once a month and its decision is final.",
                "Moving a personalized plate to another vehicle costs an $11 reissue fee.",
                "New for 2026: the Friends of Agriculture plate, open to any vehicle since February 26, 2026. It includes $10 for the Ag Tag fund when bought and $5 at each renewal."
              ]
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            14,
            15
          ]
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "annual motor vehicle property tax",
        "src": 11
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "new_only",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "Kentucky motor vehicle usage tax",
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Kentucky charges 6% motor vehicle usage tax rather than sales tax, with no local rate on top. The trade-in rule splits on whether the car is new: since 1 July 2014 a trade-in allowance is granted on a new vehicle, so it comes off the taxable amount. On a used car Kentucky works differently, taxing the price on a notarized affidavit of total consideration, or the retail value from the reference manual where there is no affidavit, with a floor of 50% of the difference between the trade-in values of the vehicles involved. So a trade-in does not simply come off the price on a used purchase."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 120,
        "hybrid": 60,
        "phev": 60,
        "appliesFrom": "vehicles registered from 1 January 2024",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Kentucky charges an annual ownership fee of $120.00 on an electric vehicle and $60.00 on a hybrid, with an electric motorcycle also at $60.00. It is due at first registration and at every renewal, and the money goes to the Road Fund. Against a $21.00 registration, the electric vehicle fee is almost six times the fee it sits on top of."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 9,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $9.00 title application fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 22,
        "src": 8
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Kentucky does not charge a flat late fee. It charges a percentage, because the thing you are late with is the vehicle property tax that is collected at renewal. Pay within 30 days of going delinquent and the penalty is 3%, and even that is waived if you pay within 5 days. Leave it longer than 30 days and it becomes a 10% penalty plus interest at 15% a year running from the date it went delinquent. Your renewal month is your birth month, so the clock is easy to forget and expensive to ignore.",
        "transferNote": "After you buy a car, the property tax on it becomes delinquent after the last day of the second calendar month following the month of the transfer, and the same 3% and 10% penalties apply from there."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "Kentucky does not cap it, but its advertising rule says every charge you are required to pay has to be in the advertised price, so a required doc fee belongs in that number rather than being added later. The size of the fee is left to the dealer."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Revised Statutes 186.050, registration fees",
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes//statute.aspx?id=56307",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Revised Statutes 186A.130, fee for title application",
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=57802",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, new laws creating fees for electric and hybrid vehicles",
          "url": "https://transportation.ky.gov/NewsRoom/EV%20Hybrid%20Ownership%20Fees.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Usage Tax",
          "url": "https://revenue.ky.gov/Property/Motor-Vehicles/Pages/Motor-Vehicle-Usage-Tax.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet DRIVE, Vehicle Titling",
          "url": "https://drive.ky.gov/Vehicles/Pages/Vehicle-Titling.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Revised Statutes 134.810, date on which taxes become due or delinquent",
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=49166",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Administrative Regulation 605 KAR 1:190, motor vehicle advertising",
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/605/001/190/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Property Tax (annual ad valorem)",
          "url": "https://revenue.ky.gov/Property/Motor-Vehicles/Pages/Motor-Vehicle-Property-Tax.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Jefferson County Clerk, motor vehicle fees (KRS 64.012 as amended by House Bill 537)",
          "url": "https://www.jeffersoncountyclerk.org/Motor-Vehicle-and-Boat/Motor-Vehicle-Fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Logan County Clerk, motor vehicle taxes and fees",
          "url": "https://logancountyclerk.ky.gov/motor/taxes-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet DRIVE, vehicle registration and renewals",
          "url": "https://drive.ky.gov/Vehicles/Pages/Vehicle-Registration-Renewals.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Property Tax Rates 2026 & 2025",
          "url": "https://revenue.ky.gov/News/Publications/Motor%20Vehicle%20Tax%20Rate%20Books/2026%20MOTAX%20Rate%20Book.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet DRIVE, new to Kentucky",
          "url": "https://drive.ky.gov/Drivers/Pages/New-To-Kentucky.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Department of Revenue, Assessment of Motor Vehicles",
          "url": "https://revenue.ky.gov/Property/Motor-Vehicles/PublishingImages/Pages/Motor-Vehicle-Property-Tax/Assessment%20Process%20of%20Motor%20Vehicles.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, License Plates (personalized plates $25, pre-approval, I, Q and U removed July 19, 2023)",
          "url": "https://drive.ky.gov/Vehicles/Pages/License-Plates.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky Department of Agriculture, Friends of Agriculture plate, February 26, 2026",
          "url": "https://www.kyagr.com/Ky-agriculture/PressRelease/2026/New-license-plate-reflects-Kentucky-agriculture-pride",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "louisiana",
      "name": "Louisiana",
      "abbr": "LA",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/louisiana/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Louisiana OMV",
        "url": "https://expresslane.la.gov/omv/vehicles/vehicle-registration-title-plate-fees/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "value",
        "value": {
          "initialShare": 1,
          "yearlyDrop": 0,
          "per": 1000,
          "rate": 2,
          "minimum": 20,
          "basis": "price"
        },
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Louisiana works the license plate fee out from the vehicle's value: 0.1% of the value a year, with a $10,000 minimum, and plates are sold two years at a time. So the charge is $20 every two years at the minimum and $60 on a $30,000 car; OMV's own table steps up $2 for each $1,000 of value. Enter the car's value above.",
        "termYears": 2
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 68.5,
          "src": 5
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 68.5,
          "src": 6
        },
        "note": "A Louisiana certificate of title is $68.50, which is high compared with most states."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "The plate is the registration. The license plate fee shown above as registration is what pays for it.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "qa": [
                [
                  "How much does a personalized license plate cost in Louisiana?",
                  "**$25 a year** on top of the regular registration, for any combination longer than one letter. A plate with a **single letter** is $250 a year. Prestige plates also carry a $3.50 handling charge."
                ],
                [
                  "Do I keep my personalized plate when I change cars?",
                  "Yes. The combination stays yours for as long as you renew on time; you reapply and pay each time the plate is issued, and the state provides for moving it when you replace the car. No two owners can hold the same combination."
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Specialty designs set their own fees, and the OMV’s online fee calculator only works for regular plates. Order and check prices in {check}; a dealer can also send in a personalized plate application for you when you buy."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            10,
            11,
            12
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://expresslane.la.gov/omv/vehicles/plates/special-personalized-plates/",
            "label": "the OMV’s Specialty Plates Viewer"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "parish fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.05,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0.035,
          "max": 0.08,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Louisiana's state rate is 5%, raised from 4.45% at the start of 2025. On top of that every parish and many towns add their own tax, and Louisiana's local rates are the highest in the country: the combined rate runs from around 8.5% to nearly 13% in Monroe. The tax follows the buyer's home parish, not the dealer, which is why we cannot show a single local figure. Enter your own rate to include it. A trade-in comes off the price before the tax is worked out."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 110,
        "hybrid": 60,
        "phev": 60,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Louisiana charges a flat road usage fee on electric and hybrid cars in place of the fuel tax they do not pay: $110 a year for an electric car and $60 for a hybrid. It is not collected at the DMV. You report and pay it once a year, by 15 May, on your state income tax return."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Handling fee",
          "amount": 8,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 5,
          "note": "An $8.00 handling fee on the transaction. OMV also lists a local fee of up to $6.00 that may apply."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 68.5,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $68.50 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Louisiana's OMV adds a late fee to a renewal once the registration has expired and includes it in the renewal total, but it does not publish the fee as a single figure, so it is not shown here.",
        "transferNote": "OMV's vehicle application says the file must be submitted within 40 days of the sale to avoid penalty and interest."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Louisiana caps the dealer documentation fee, one of the states that does. The base ceiling was $425, and from the start of 2026 it rises each year with inflation, so it sits a little above that now. The Motor Vehicle Commission sets and enforces the limit."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Louisiana OMV, Vehicle Registration, Title and Plate Fees",
          "url": "https://expresslane.la.gov/omv/vehicles/vehicle-registration-title-plate-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:463, private passenger vehicle license tax",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/la/revised-statutes/la-rev-stat-tit-47-sect-463/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana Department of Revenue, sales and use tax rate",
          "url": "https://revenue.louisiana.gov/sales-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana Department of Revenue, Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Road Usage Fee",
          "url": "https://revenue.louisiana.gov/individuals/general-resources/electric-and-hybrid-vehicle-road-usage-fee/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana Revised Statutes 6:969.18, dealer documentation fee cap",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/louisiana/revised-statutes/title-6/rs-6-969-18/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana OMV, new title and registration",
          "url": "https://expresslane.la.gov/omv/vehicles/title-and-registration/new-title-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana OMV, used title and registration",
          "url": "https://expresslane.la.gov/omv/vehicles/title-and-registration/used-title-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana OMV, registration renewal",
          "url": "https://expresslane.la.gov/omv/vehicles/title-and-registration/registration-renewal/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana OMV, vehicle application form DPSMV 1799 (file within 40 days to avoid penalty and interest)",
          "url": "https://www.ldi.la.gov/docs/default-source/documents/propertycasualty/la-dps-omv-vehicle-application-form.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana Legislature, Act 701 of 2026 (HB 1085), resume digest: vehicle inspection stickers",
          "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1485579",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:463.2, special personalized prestige license plates ($25 a year, $250 for a single letter)",
          "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=102167",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:463, prestige plates carry a $3.50 handling charge",
          "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=102143",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana OMV, Special and Personalized Plates (Specialty Plates Viewer)",
          "url": "https://expresslane.la.gov/omv/vehicles/plates/special-personalized-plates/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "maine",
      "name": "Maine",
      "abbr": "ME",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/maine/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Maine Bureau of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Maine BMV",
        "url": "https://www.maine.gov/sos/bmv/vehicles/registration-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 35,
          "src": 4
        },
        "note": "Maine charges a flat $35 a year to register a passenger car, the same whatever the car weighs or how old it is. You register at your town office, where the excise tax below is collected at the same time. Heavier trucks and commercial vehicles pay more, set by weight."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "Excise Tax",
        "category": "tax",
        "initialShare": 1,
        "per": 1,
        "rateSchedule": [
          0.024,
          0.0175,
          0.0135,
          0.01,
          0.0065
        ],
        "rateBeyond": 0.004,
        "glanceText": "Worked out from the car's original MSRP at a rate that falls with age: 24 mills per dollar (2.4%) in the first year, then 17.5, 13.5, 10 and 6.5 mills, holding at 4 mills (0.4%) from the sixth year on. Paid every year at your town office before you can register.",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "This is the charge that makes up most of a Maine car bill, and it is paid every year to the town where the car is kept for more than six months of the year, before you can register. It is worked out from the manufacturer's suggested retail price when new, not what you paid, at 24 mills per dollar (2.4%) for the current model year, then 17.5, 13.5, 10 and 6.5 mills, and 4 mills from the sixth year on, with a $5 minimum (36 M.R.S. section 1482). Your registration lists the MSRP under \"Base\".",
        "minimum": 5
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 33,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 33,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Maine title is $33."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration. Maine is replacing the older Chickadee plate with the Pine Tree plate; a voluntary swap is a one-time $25."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "local fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.055,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Maine's sales tax on a vehicle is a flat 5.5%, with no county or city tax added anywhere in the state. A trade-in comes off the price before the tax is worked out, but only when you buy from a dealer and the trade-in is itemized on the paperwork. Buy from a private seller and you pay 5.5% use tax on the full price when you register, with no trade-in credit."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Maine does not charge an extra registration fee on an electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle as of 2026, one of the few states that does not. An electric car pays the same $35 registration and the same excise tax as any other car of the same list price."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 33,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $33 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Maine does not publish a flat late penalty for re-registering. Because the excise tax has to be paid before you can register, the practical cost of letting it lapse is that you cannot legally drive until you catch up, and driving on an expired registration can be fined. Many towns let you renew online through the state's Rapid Renewal service."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Maine does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It has to be shown on the sale paperwork, but the amount is set by the dealer."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Maine Bureau of Motor Vehicles, Registration Fees",
          "url": "https://www.maine.gov/sos/bmv/vehicles/registration-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-21"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maine Revenue Services, Motor Vehicle Excise Tax (mill rate schedule)",
          "url": "https://www.maine.gov/revenue/taxes/property-tax/excise-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "36 M.R.S. § 1482, excise tax rates by year of model",
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/36/title36sec1482.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maine Revenue Services, Sales, Fuel & Special Tax Division (5.5% vehicle sales tax, trade-in credit)",
          "url": "https://www.maine.gov/revenue/taxes/sales-use-service-provider-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "29-A M.R.S. section 501, registration fees ($35 automobile)",
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec501.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "36 M.R.S. section 1760(45), use tax exemption for a car bought and used out of state by a resident of that state",
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/36/title36sec1760.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Town of Wells, Excise Tax and Vehicle Registration (worked excise example, where excise is paid)",
          "url": "https://www.wellstown.org/838/Excise-Tax-Vehicle-Registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Portland, Auto and Boat Registration (new resident documents)",
          "url": "https://www.portlandmaine.gov/auto-boat-registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maine Revenue Services, Instructional Bulletin 42, original registration of vehicles",
          "url": "https://www.maine.gov/future/sites/maine.gov.revenue/files/inline-files/IB42OriginalRegistrationofVehicles10282019.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "maryland",
      "name": "Maryland",
      "abbr": "MD",
      "verified": "2026-11-04",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/maryland/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration",
        "short": "Maryland MVA",
        "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/title-registration/fees-payment-options"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 3500,
            "amount": 80.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3700,
            "amount": 85.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 151.5
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Maryland charges by the manufacturer's shipping weight, in three bands, and these are the yearly figures set in the statute from 1 July 2025. The MVA adds the $40.00 emergency medical system surcharge for each year, which is why its published prices are $120.50, $125.50 and $191.50 a year. You can register for one, two or three years at a time, and a one-year registration can be split into two payments six months apart. Tags with more than 12 months left can be returned for a refund."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 200,
          "src": 1
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 200,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "A new or used title certificate is $200.00. A corrected title is $80.00 and a duplicate is $40.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard tags come with the registration. Moving your tags to another car is $15.00, a replacement tag is $40.00, vanity plates are $50.00, and a temporary registration is $50.00."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 1
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.065,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInDealerOnly": true,
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": 41.6,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "Maryland vehicle excise tax",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Maryland does not charge sales tax on a vehicle. It charges a titling excise tax of 6.5% of the fair market value, and what counts as fair market value depends on who sold you the car. From a licensed dealer it is the total purchase price the dealer certifies, and that price is the agreed price less the trade-in allowance, so a trade-in reduces the tax. On a private sale the state compares your price against the published retail value instead, so the trade-in allowance does not do the same work. On a car seven years old or older bought privately, the value used is your price or $640.00, whichever is greater, which is where the $41.60 floor comes from."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 125,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 100,
        "appliesFrom": "registrations expiring January 2025",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Maryland charges an annual surcharge of $125.00 on a zero emission vehicle and $100.00 on a plug in hybrid, collected with the registration since registrations expiring in January 2025. Electric cars are heavy, so most land in the top weight band too: a typical EV pays $191.50 plus the $125.00 surcharge, $316.50 a year."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Emergency medical system surcharge",
          "amount": 40,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 3,
          "note": "Charged every year with the registration. Part of it funds the Maryland Trauma Physician Services Fund and the Shock Trauma Center."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 200,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $200.00 title certificate fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 40,
        "src": 1
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "The MVA fee schedule does not publish a late fee for renewing a registration after it expires, so we are not showing one. The penalties that do cost money sit around it: an emissions (VEIP) test that is overdue adds a $30.00 late fee the day after the due date and every 28 days after that, and can stop you renewing, and a lapse in insurance brings an uninsured penalty of $200.00 for the first 30 days and $7.00 a day after that, up to $3,500.00 a year. New residents who miss the 60-day window also lose the credit for tax paid in their old state."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 800,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Maryland caps the dealer processing charge at $800.00 from 1 July 2024, which is one of the highest ceilings any state sets. It is a cap rather than a fixed fee, so it is negotiable in principle, but Maryland dealers generally charge at or near it."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Maryland Transportation Article 13-912, registration fees for Class A vehicles",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=13-912&enactments=false",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland MVA, fees and payment options",
          "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/title-registration/fees-payment-options",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland Transportation Article 13-809, imposition of the vehicle excise tax",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=13-809&enactments=false",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland Transportation Article 13-954, emergency medical system surcharge",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=13-954&enactments=false",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland MVA, annual surcharge for certain electric vehicles",
          "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/your-mva-guide/businesses/bulletins-businesses/annual-surcharge-certain-electric-vehicles-payment-schedule-vehicle-registration-fees-and-certain",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland Transportation Article 15-311.1, dealer processing charge",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=15-311.1&enactments=false",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "MDOT MVA, New Maryland Residents (60 days to title and register)",
          "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/your-mva-guide/new-maryland-residents",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland MVA, excise tax (new residents, private sales, tax credit by state)",
          "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/title-registration/fees-payment-options/excise-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland MVA, title and register your vehicle (new residents)",
          "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/your-mva-guide/new-maryland-residents/title-register-your-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland MVA, Maryland safety inspections",
          "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/title-registration/vehicle-emissions-safety-inspections/safety-inspections",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland MVA, vehicle emissions inspection program (VEIP)",
          "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/title-registration/vehicle-emissions-safety-inspections/vehicle-emissions-inspection",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland MVA, Giving a Vehicle as a Gift",
          "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/title-registration/buying-selling-or-gifting-vehicle/giving-vehicle-gift",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "massachusetts",
      "name": "Massachusetts",
      "abbr": "MA",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/massachusetts/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Massachusetts RMV",
        "url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-registry-of-motor-vehicles-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 30,
          "src": 4
        },
        "note": "Massachusetts registers a passenger car for two years at $60.00, so the yearly figure is $30.00. Registration is the small part of what a Massachusetts car costs to keep. The bigger annual charge is the motor vehicle excise below, which your city or town bills separately and which most people forget about until the envelope arrives."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "Motor vehicle excise",
        "category": "tax",
        "rate": 25,
        "per": 1000,
        "schedule": [
          0.9,
          0.6,
          0.4,
          0.25,
          0.1
        ],
        "holdLastShare": true,
        "minimum": 5,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Your city or town bills this every year, not the RMV, and it is worked out from the manufacturer's list price when the car was new rather than what you paid or what it is worth today. The rate is $25.00 per $1,000.00 of value. The value used is 50% of list in the year before the model year, 90% in the model year, then 60%, 40%, 25%, and 10% in the fifth and every following year. It never falls below 10%, so an expensive car stays expensive to own in Massachusetts for as long as you keep it. The first bill covers the month you register and the rest of the year, and the minimum excise is $5.00. A car listing at $40,000.00 new costs $900.00 in a full first year and $100.00 a year once it is five years old."
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 75,
          "src": 7
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 75,
          "src": 7
        },
        "note": "A certificate of title is $75.00. Adding or removing a lienholder is $25.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration. If you are replacing a car, you can move your existing plates to the new one instead, for a $25.00 transfer fee, within 7 calendar days of getting rid of the old car. A vanity plate costs $80.00 a year and a reserved plate $100.00 every two years. A replacement plate is $10.00."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "city or town fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0625,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInDealerOnly": true,
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "book_or_price",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Massachusetts charges 6.25% and there is no local rate on top. Two rules decide what that 6.25% is charged on. Buy from a registered dealer and it is the price less your trade-in allowance. Buy privately and it is the higher of what you actually paid and the clean trade-in book value of the car, and a trade-in reduces nothing. On a private sale the tax is due by the twentieth day of the month after you buy, and interest and penalties run if it is late."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Massachusetts has no electric vehicle registration fee. An EV pays the same $60.00 two-year registration as any car, plus the yearly excise on its list price, which on a pricey EV is the bigger number."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 75,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $75.00 certificate of title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 25,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Massachusetts does not list a late renewal fee. The pressure comes from the excise instead: the bill is due 30 days after it is issued, unpaid excise brings a demand and then a deputy collector's warrant, and the city or town can have the RMV mark your license and registration so neither can be renewed. Separately, the RMV charges $100.00 to reinstate a registration revoked for a reason other than an insurance cancellation, $50.00 after an insurance cancellation, and on a private sale the sales tax is due by the 20th day of the month after the purchase."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "There is no ceiling, and the fee is unusual in two ways: it must already be inside the advertised price, and it is itself taxed as part of the sale. The Attorney General's advertising rule folds the document preparation charge into the advertised price, so it cannot be quoted low and topped up at signing, and Massachusetts treats the fee as part of the taxable sales price."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts RMV, schedule of fees",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/rmv-schedule-of-fees/download",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts General Laws chapter 60A section 1, motor vehicle excise",
          "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleIX/Chapter60a/Section1",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts Department of Revenue, motor vehicle and trailer sales and use tax",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/guides/motor-vehicle-and-trailer-sales-and-use-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts 940 CMR 5.02, motor vehicle advertising (documentary preparation charges)",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/940-cmr-5-motor-vehicle-regulations/download",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts RMV, Registry of Motor Vehicles fees",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-registry-of-motor-vehicles-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts Division of Local Services, motor vehicle excise guide",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/guides/motor-vehicle-excise",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts RMV, transfer your registration and title from out of state",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/how-to/transfer-your-registration-and-title-from-out-of-state",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts RMV, apply for a registration and title for a vehicle purchased from an individual",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/how-to/apply-for-a-registration-and-title-for-a-vehicle-purchased-from-an-individual",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts RMV, transfer your registration to a vehicle purchased from an individual",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/how-to/transfer-your-registration-to-a-vehicle-or-trailer-purchased-from-an-individual",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts RMV, renew your vehicle or trailer registration",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/how-to/renew-your-vehicle-or-trailer-registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts RMV, vehicle inspections",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/vehicle-inspections",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "michigan",
      "name": "Michigan",
      "abbr": "MI",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/michigan/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Michigan Department of State",
        "short": "Michigan SOS",
        "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-801"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "valueBracket",
        "label": "Registration tax",
        "brackets": [
          {
            "maxPrice": 6000,
            "amount": 36
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 7000,
            "amount": 40
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 8000,
            "amount": 46
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 9000,
            "amount": 52
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 10000,
            "amount": 58
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 11000,
            "amount": 64
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 12000,
            "amount": 70
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 13000,
            "amount": 76
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 14000,
            "amount": 82
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 15000,
            "amount": 88
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 16000,
            "amount": 94
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 17000,
            "amount": 100
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 18000,
            "amount": 106
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 19000,
            "amount": 112
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 20000,
            "amount": 118
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 21000,
            "amount": 124
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 22000,
            "amount": 130
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 23000,
            "amount": 136
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 24000,
            "amount": 142
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 25000,
            "amount": 148
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 26000,
            "amount": 154
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 27000,
            "amount": 160
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 28000,
            "amount": 166
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 29000,
            "amount": 172
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 30000,
            "amount": 178
          }
        ],
        "overflow": {
          "from": 30000,
          "base": 178,
          "per": 1000,
          "add": 6
        },
        "yearlyMultiplier": 0.9,
        "multiplierYears": 3,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Michigan charges by the list price of the car when it was new, not by what you paid and not by weight. A car listing at $30,000 new costs $178.00 to register in its first year, and above $30,000 the figure rises $6.00 for every $1,000 or part of $1,000. It then falls to 90% of that for the second registration, 90% again for the third and 90% again for the fourth, and stays there for the rest of the car's life. So a fifteen year old car with an expensive sticker still costs about three quarters of what it cost when new, which is why Michigan registration surprises people who buy a cheap used luxury car. A car with a permanently installed wheelchair lift or hand controls is assessed at 50%."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "The Michigan title fee is $15.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 5,
        "src": 3,
        "lead": "Michigan sells the standard plate for **$5**, the first time you get plates and again for any new or replacement plate.",
        "note": "Not charged at renewal.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "Michigan prices a personalized plate by the month. The first time, you pay a service fee of **$8 for the first month** of your registration period and **$2 for every month after it**, on top of the registration. After that it is a flat **$15** each time you renew."
            },
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "Months left in your registration",
                  "First personalized fee"
                ],
                [
                  "3",
                  "$12"
                ],
                [
                  "6",
                  "$18"
                ],
                [
                  "9",
                  "$24"
                ],
                [
                  "12",
                  "$30"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "ul": [
                "**The black plate** is the Great Lake State legacy design from 1979, reissued in 2025. Legacy plates are $55 the first time, $5 plus a $50 Road Fund fee, and 58,325 of the black ones had been issued by November 2025.",
                "**Standard designs at $5:** Pure Michigan, on 71.5% of the 11.7 million plates on the road, then Water-Winter Wonderland (10.9%), Mackinac Bridge (10.7%) and the green Water Wonderland. Neither Wonderland plate is made for motorcycles.",
                "**Moving a plate to another car** you own is $10, plus the prorated registration difference if the new car costs more to register, or $15 if it costs less. You can pass a plate to an immediate family member for $10, but not to anyone else.",
                "**Your own letters:** up to 6 or 7 characters depending on the plate, A to Z and 0 to 9 only. Spaces count and O becomes 0. If the registration lapses, the combination is held for 30 days before anyone else can take it.",
                "**Old plates:** once a plate is 10 years old, the Secretary of State replaces it automatically the next time you renew or transfer it."
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Test a combination before you order on {check}."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            3,
            5,
            6,
            7
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/sos/all-services/personalize",
            "label": "the Secretary of State’s personalized plates page"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "capped",
        "tradeInCap": 12000,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "6% statewide with no local rate on a vehicle. Michigan caps the trade-in credit rather than allowing it in full or refusing it outright, which is unusual. For 2026 the maximum that comes off the taxable price is $12,000.00, or the agreed value of the trade-in if that is lower. Hand over a car worth more than $12,000.00 and the excess is taxed as though you had kept it. The cap has been rising each year, so check the figure for the year you buy in. A recreational vehicle traded in has no dollar limit."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 267,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Michigan charges an electric vehicle fee of $267 a year for a passenger vehicle ($367 for trucks and buses) on top of the registration tax, when you register, renew or move a plate onto an EV. A plug-in hybrid pays $113 instead. The Secretary of State lists these fees only for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $15.00."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 10,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Michigan charges a $10.00 late fee on each registration renewed after the expiry date. A renewal posted before the expiry date is not charged it even if it arrives late. There is also a way out that catches people by surprise: the fee is waived if you show proof of storage insurance covering the whole gap and ask for the waiver in person at a branch office."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 280,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Michigan caps the documentary preparation fee at $280.00 or 5% of the cash price of the car, whichever is less. The percentage limb is the one that bites on a cheap car: on a $4,000 car the cap is $200.00 however high the dollar figure has climbed. The dollar figure is adjusted for inflation and the regulator publishes the new one in a bulletin, so check the current year before you argue about it."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Michigan Vehicle Code, MCL 257.801, registration taxes",
          "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-801",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan Department of Treasury form 485, instructions for Michigan vehicle dealers collecting sales tax",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/taxes/-/media/Project/Websites/taxes/Forms/SUW/TY2026/485_11-25.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan DIFS bulletin 2025-03-CF, documentary preparation fee maximum",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/difs/-/media/Project/Websites/difs/Bulletins/2025/Bulletin_2025-03-CF.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan Secretary of State, License plates and tabs (EV $267, PHEV $113, birthday expiry, 1 and 2 year renewals, Recreation Passport)",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/sos/vehicle/license-plates/plates-and-tabs",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan Secretary of State, Titles FAQ (new residents must title and register immediately)",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/sos/faqs/vehicles/titles",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan Secretary of State, Personalized plates ($8 first month, $2 each month after, $15 renewal)",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/sos/all-services/personalize",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan Secretary of State, Standard plate options",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/sos/vehicle/license-plates/standard-plate-options",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan Department of State, What’s on your plate? (plates in circulation, legacy plates), December 22, 2025",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/sos/resources/news/2025/12/22/whats-on-your-plate",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan Department of Treasury, Revenue Administrative Bulletin 2018-5 (use tax on vehicles transferred between relatives)",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/taxes/rep-legal/rab/2018-revenue-administrative-bulletins/revenue-administrative-bulletin-2018-5",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "minnesota",
      "name": "Minnesota",
      "abbr": "MN",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/minnesota/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Minnesota Driver and Vehicle Services",
        "short": "Minnesota DVS",
        "counter": "a deputy registrar office",
        "url": "https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/vehicle/vehicle-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "value",
        "label": "Registration tax",
        "value": {
          "initialShare": 1,
          "yearlyDrop": 0,
          "per": 1,
          "rate": 0.01575,
          "schedule": [
            1,
            0.95,
            0.9,
            0.8,
            0.7,
            0.6,
            0.5,
            0.4,
            0.25,
            0.1
          ],
          "beyondSchedule": 20,
          "plus": 10,
          "minimum": null
        },
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Minnesota charges $10.00 plus 1.575% of the list price of the car when it was new, and then writes that list price down year by year: 100% in the first year, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 25% and 10% in the tenth. From the eleventh year the value part is fixed at $20.00, so any car that old registers for $30.00. Optional extras added to the car are left out of the list price, and so is the destination charge on a car first registered here since 16 November 2020. There is one more rule worth knowing: on a car already registered in Minnesota, the amount can never be more than the smallest amount previously paid on it."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 8.25,
          "src": 1
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 8.25,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "The title fee itself is $8.25. It comes with a $12.00 filing fee, a $2.25 technology surcharge and a $1.00 local office surcharge at a deputy registrar, which is why the counter figure is nearer $23.50. A duplicate title is $7.25."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 15.5,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Double plates are $15.50 and a single plate is $13.50. Renewal carries its own $8.00 filing fee and the $2.25 technology surcharge."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 20,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "wheelage tax",
        "src": 8
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06875,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Minnesota charges a motor vehicle sales tax of 6.875% (it was 6.5% before 1 July 2023), set in its own chapter rather than in the general sales tax, and no local sales tax applies to a vehicle. Instead, a dealer in a county or city with a local vehicle excise tax collects a flat $20.00 on each vehicle sold. A trade-in comes off the price before the tax is worked out when you trade a motor vehicle in for a motor vehicle. Two flat amounts replace the rate in narrow cases: a passenger car in its tenth year or later with a resale value under $3,000.00 is taxed at a flat $10.00, and a registered collector vehicle at a flat $150.00."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 150,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 75,
        "appliesFrom": "registration periods from 1 January 2026",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "The electric vehicle surcharge is the greater of $150.00 and 0.5% of the list price written down for age by the same table as the registration tax, so $150.00 is the floor rather than the whole answer. The two meet at a list price of $30,000.00 on a new car: a $45,000.00 EV pays $225.00 in its first year. A plug-in hybrid works the same way at 0.25% with a $75.00 floor. Both floors drop to $100.00 and $50.00 for registration periods starting from 1 July 2027.",
        "vrNote": "A yearly surcharge with the tabs: 0.5% of the written-down list price, never less than $150; a plug-in hybrid pays half the rate, from $75.",
        "valueRate": 0.005,
        "phevValueRate": 0.0025
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Filing fee",
          "amount": 12,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 1,
          "note": "Due with each title transaction. A registration renewal carries a lower $8.00 filing fee."
        },
        {
          "label": "Filing fee",
          "amount": 8,
          "when": "renewal",
          "src": 1,
          "note": "Due with each registration renewal."
        },
        {
          "label": "Technology surcharge",
          "amount": 2.25,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 1,
          "note": "Charged on each title transaction and on each renewal."
        },
        {
          "label": "Public safety vehicle fee",
          "amount": 3.5,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 1,
          "note": null
        },
        {
          "label": "Transfer tax",
          "amount": 10,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 1,
          "note": "Not charged when the only change is between joint owners or to add or remove a lien holder."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 8.25,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "The title fee is $8.25, with the $10.00 transfer tax, the $12.00 filing fee, the $2.25 technology surcharge and the $1.00 local office surcharge on top."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 2,
        "src": 1
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 7,
        "note": "Minnesota DVS lists no late fee for renewing tabs after they expire, but driving on expired tabs can get you a ticket. A registration that expired less than 10 months ago can still be renewed online; after that, go to a deputy registrar office.",
        "vrNote": "There is no late fee for tabs, but driving on expired ones risks a ticket. How long you can still renew online is in the expired tabs section above.",
        "transferNote": "a $2.00 late transfer penalty is due if the transfer is not submitted within 20 calendar days of the sale date."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 350,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "For sales and leases from 1 July 2025 Minnesota caps the document administration fee at $350.00 or 10% of the value of the sale, whichever is less. It has climbed quickly, from $200.00 through $275.00 to the current figure, so the number you were charged two years ago is not the number now."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Statutes 168.013, vehicle registration taxes",
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/168.013",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Driver and Vehicle Services, vehicle fees",
          "url": "https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/vehicle/vehicle-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Statutes 297B.02, motor vehicle excise tax rate",
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/297B.02",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Department of Revenue, motor vehicle sales tax",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.state.mn.us/guide/motor-vehicle-sales",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Statutes 297B.025, vehicles subject to the in lieu tax",
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/297B.025",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Statutes 168.27, subdivision 31, document administration fee",
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/168.27",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Department of Public Safety, DVS vehicle registration (60 days for new residents)",
          "url": "https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/vehicle/vehicle-registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Department of Public Safety, DVS vehicle registration renewal (online renewal until 10 months expired)",
          "url": "https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/vehicle/vehicle-registration/vehicle-registration-renewal",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota DVS, vehicle wheelage tax (counties as of 1 January 2026)",
          "url": "https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/vehicle/vehicle-fees/vehicle-wheelage-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota DVS, vehicle title and registration for those new to Minnesota",
          "url": "https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/vehicle/vehicle-title-and-registration-those-new-mn",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Statutes 297B.03, exemptions from the motor vehicle sales tax",
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/297B.03",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Sales Tax: nontaxable transactions",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.state.mn.us/guide/nontaxable-transactions-0",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "mississippi",
      "name": "Mississippi",
      "abbr": "MS",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/mississippi/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Mississippi Department of Revenue",
        "short": "Mississippi DOR",
        "url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 12.75,
          "src": 3
        },
        "note": "Mississippi's registration fee is $12.75 at renewal and $14.00 the first time, and every passenger car also pays a $15.00 road and bridge privilege tax. Those are the easy part. The charge that dominates a Mississippi tag bill is the annual county ad valorem tax, a property tax on the car paid to your county tax collector at registration and every renewal. It is worked out from the car's assessed value, less the state's Legislative Tag Credit, times your county and city millage, so it differs by address and falls as the car ages."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 9,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 9,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Mississippi certificate of title is $9."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "The standard tag is handed over by your county tax collector with the registration and has no price of its own.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "qa": [
                [
                  "How much extra is a black tag in Mississippi?",
                  "An extra **$38.25**. Since January 1, 2024 the owner of any passenger car or motorcycle can choose the black tag: white pinstripe border, “Mississippi” across the top and the county name along the bottom. $36.25 of the fee goes to the Law Enforcement Officers and Fire Fighters Death Benefits Trust Fund and $2 to the state’s License Tag Acquisition Fund."
                ],
                [
                  "How much extra is a personalized tag in Mississippi?",
                  "**$33** for a vanity tag on a car, the same as on a motorcycle or trailer, and $28 on an antique vehicle. You can put your own letters on a black tag too. Until a 2023 law opened it to everyone, black was only offered on vanity tags."
                ],
                [
                  "What do the other specialty tags cost?",
                  "Of the 284 tags on {check}, 167 add $33 and 33 add $53, the rate for designs such as Mississippi State, Delta State and Alcorn State. The list also shows which charity or fund gets each fee."
                ],
                [
                  "Is a faded tag replaced for free?",
                  "Yes. If a tag wears with age until it can’t be read, surrender it and you get a new tag and decals at no cost. A tag that is defaced or lost is a different case: you buy a substitute tag for the substitute tag fee."
                ]
              ]
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            6,
            7,
            8
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle/available-license-plates/special-tag-fee-distribution",
            "label": "DOR’s special tag fee list"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county ad valorem tax",
        "src": 2
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.05,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Mississippi taxes a vehicle at 5%, deliberately lower than the 7% it charges on most other things. There is no separate local sales tax on a vehicle. A trade-in and any dealer discount come off the price before the 5% is worked out, but a manufacturer's rebate does not. If you bought the car in another state and paid that state's sales tax, Mississippi does not credit it when you first tag the car here."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 150,
        "hybrid": 75,
        "phev": 75,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Mississippi charges an extra annual fee on electric and hybrid cars to make up for the fuel tax they do not pay: $150 a year for an electric vehicle and $75 for a hybrid or plug-in hybrid, on top of the normal registration."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Road and bridge privilege tax",
          "amount": 15,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 3,
          "note": "A $15.00 state road and bridge privilege tax on a passenger vehicle, charged with each registration and renewal."
        },
        {
          "label": "First registration fee",
          "amount": 1.25,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 3,
          "note": "A first-time registration is $14.00 rather than the $12.75 renewal fee; this line is the difference."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 9,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $9 title fee, handled at your county tax collector's office."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Mississippi adds a late penalty if you renew more than 15 days after the tag expires: 5% of the ad valorem tax, then another 5% for every further 30 days, up to 25%. Once the penalty reaches 25% you also lose the Legislative Tag Credit, which can cost more than the penalty itself.",
        "graceText": "Mississippi allows 15 days after the tag expires. After that the penalty is 5% of the ad valorem tax, plus 5% for every further 30 days, up to 25%, and at 25% the Legislative Tag Credit is lost.",
        "transferNote": "a vehicle you buy has to be registered within 30 business days of the purchase; bought outside your home county, you have 48 hours to get it home first. The dealer's drive-out tag is good for 7 working days."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Mississippi does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Mississippi DOR, Motor Vehicle Licensing (registration, title, privilege tax)",
          "url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "MS Code 27-19-56.1, electric and hybrid vehicle fees",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-27/chapter-19/article-1/section-27-19-56-1/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "label": "Mississippi DOR, Motor Vehicle Ad Valorem Taxes and Legislative Tag Credit",
          "url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle/motor-vehicle-ad-valorem-taxes",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-21"
        },
        {
          "label": "Mississippi DOR, motor vehicle frequently asked questions (registration $12.75/$14, $15 privilege tax, 30 business days, new residents, late penalty)",
          "url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle/motor-vehicle-frequently-asked-questions",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Lamar County Tax Collector, motor vehicle licensing FAQ (tag credit on sale, out-of-state sales tax not credited)",
          "url": "https://lamarcountyms.gov/ms/departments/tax-assessor-collector/motor-vehicle-licensing-faq/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Mississippi Code 27-19-5, privilege tax",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ms/title-27-taxation-and-finance/ms-code-sect-27-19-5/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Mississippi Code 27-19-31(2)(b), black tag with white pinstripe and $38.25 fee (current text printed in 2026 SB 2109)",
          "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/html/SB/2100-2199/SB2109IN.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Mississippi DOR, Special Tag Fee Distribution (Vanity (Personal) $33, Sec. 27-19-48)",
          "url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle/available-license-plates/special-tag-fee-distribution",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Magnolia Tribune, Success of black out tags, May 3, 2024 (143,000 sold; vanity-only before SB 2841)",
          "url": "https://magnoliatribune.com/2024/05/03/success-of-black-out-tags-contributes-to-increased-benefit-for-families-of-fallen-first-responders/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "missouri",
      "name": "Missouri",
      "abbr": "MO",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/missouri/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Missouri Department of Revenue",
        "short": "Missouri DOR",
        "counter": "a Missouri license office",
        "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/titling-registration/fees.html"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "horsepower",
        "hp": [
          {
            "maxHp": 11,
            "amount": 18.25
          },
          {
            "maxHp": 23,
            "amount": 21.25
          },
          {
            "maxHp": 35,
            "amount": 24.25
          },
          {
            "maxHp": 47,
            "amount": 33.25
          },
          {
            "maxHp": 59,
            "amount": 39.25
          },
          {
            "maxHp": 71,
            "amount": 45.25
          },
          {
            "maxHp": null,
            "amount": 51.25
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Missouri prices registration by taxable horsepower, which is not the engine horsepower on the spec sheet but a figure printed on your title or on your Application for Missouri Title and License. A one-year registration runs from $18.25 under 12 horsepower to $51.25 at 72 and above, plus a $9 processing fee; an electric or low speed vehicle sits in the bottom band. Two-year registration is double, with an $18 processing fee, and is only offered for an even model year in an even year or an odd model year in an odd year. Separately, your county (or the City of St. Louis) bills a yearly personal property tax on the car, assessed at one third of its value and usually far more than the registration. You need the paid receipt, or a statement of non-assessment, to register or renew. It is not included here because the rate depends on where you live."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 8.5,
          "src": 1
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 8.5,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "The Missouri title fee is $8.50, among the lowest in the country.",
        "glossary": "A one off charge for putting the ownership document in your name. Missouri charges $8.50, and a $9 title processing fee goes with it."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Missouri’s regular plates are issued at the license office along with the registration and carry no price of their own.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "Personalized plates in Missouri cost **$15 a year** on top of the regular registration. You reapply and pay it each year to keep your letters, and as the current holder you get first claim on them every time. The plates themselves are swapped for new ones every three years at no extra charge."
            },
            {
              "ul": [
                "No plate to move onto the car yet? The Department of Revenue issues a temporary permit to drive on until the personalized plates arrive.",
                "Moving plates you already have to another car costs **$2**. If the new car has more taxable horsepower you also pay the prorated difference in registration; if it has less, nothing is refunded.",
                "Combinations that are obscene, profane or offensive are turned down, and the Director of Revenue can recall one that was already issued."
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Temporary cardboard tags are on their way out. Under phase 2 of the Department of Revenue’s FUSION system, planned for February 2027, dealership buyers will pay sales and property tax at the counter and leave with a printed paper copy of their real plate, then have 30 days to put the metal plates on. Buy from a private seller and you take the bill of sale to a license office for the paper plate."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            7,
            8,
            9
          ]
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "annual personal property tax",
        "src": 3
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.04225,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.06125,
          "typical": 0.03
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "4.225% state tax plus your local rate, worked out on the purchase price less the trade-in allowance. If you bought from an out-of-state dealer with a trade-in, bring proof of the trade-in (such as a copy of the assigned title or the dealer invoice) to get the credit. The local part varies a great deal across Missouri, so the figure shown here uses a middling 3% and your own may be well above or below it."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 159,
        "phev": 84,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 6,
        "phevLabel": "Plug-in hybrid fuel decal",
        "note": "Missouri does not add an EV fee to the registration. Instead, an electric car needs a special fuel decal every calendar year: $150 for 2026 plus a $9 processing fee, bought by January 31. Fees went up each year from 2022 under section 142.869, RSMo, reaching this level on January 1, 2026 (it was $135 in 2025).",
        "vrNote": "Paid as a special fuel decal, not with the registration: $150 plus the $9 processing fee for an electric car in 2026, and $75 plus $9 for a 2018 or newer plug-in hybrid.",
        "phevNote": "A 2018 or newer plug-in hybrid needs the special fuel decal at half the electric rate: $75 for 2026 plus the $9 processing fee, bought each January. A regular hybrid that does not plug in is exempt.",
        "hybridNote": "Missouri charges nothing extra on a regular gas-electric hybrid that does not plug in. It is exempt from the special fuel decal.",
        "initialReason": "the special fuel decal is $150 a year plus a $9 processing fee, but it runs January to December and is prorated by month when you put the car on the road after January 31, so the amount on a purchase depends on the month. It stays with the car if you sell it.",
        "phevInitialReason": "a 2018 or newer plug-in hybrid needs the special fuel decal at $75 a year plus a $9 processing fee. It runs January to December and is prorated by month for a car put on the road after January 31, so the amount on a purchase depends on the month.",
        "timingNote": "In Missouri the decal runs by calendar year, January to December, and is bought by January 31 each year. Buy an electric car later in the year and the first decal is cut by one twelfth for each month already gone, so it is due when you put the car on the road, at a reduced amount. If you buy a car that already has this year's decal, it stays with the car."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Processing fee",
          "amount": 9,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "Charged on every one year registration. A two year registration is $18.00."
        },
        {
          "label": "Title processing fee",
          "amount": 9,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 1,
          "note": "Charged with the $8.50 title fee when the car is titled in your name."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 8.5,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $8.50."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": {
          "type": "tiered",
          "amount": 25,
          "tiers": null
        },
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Renewing after the expiration date adds a $5 renewal penalty. Plates can be renewed up to six months early and must be renewed by the last day of the expiration month. The far bigger penalty is for titling late after a purchase: $25 from the 31st day, rising $25 every 30 days to $200.",
        "transferNote": "a $25.00 title penalty lands on the 31st day after purchase and grows by another $25.00 for every further 30 days, up to a maximum of $200.00."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 620.79,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Missouri caps the dealer administrative fee and adjusts it every year with the Consumer Price Index. For 2026, from February 1, 2026, the maximum is $620.79, up from $604.47. The Director of Revenue works out the new figure after January 14 each year and posts it, so this one moves annually."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Missouri Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Fees",
          "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/titling-registration/fees.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Department of Revenue, Buying a Vehicle",
          "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/titling-registration/buying-vehicle.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Department of Revenue, 12 CSR 10-26.231, maximum dealer administrative fee",
          "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/resources/proposed-rules/documents/ER-_12_CSR_10-26_231_Emergency_Amendment.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Revised Statutes 137.115, personal property assessed at one third of true value, October trade-in guide, 2025 cap on vehicle assessments",
          "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=137.115",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Department of Revenue, Renewing Missouri License Plates ($5 renewal penalty)",
          "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/renewing-missouri-license-plates.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Titling and Registration (30 days for new residents)",
          "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/titling-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Department of Revenue, Special Fuel Decals (fees effective January 1, 2026)",
          "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/fuel-decals.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Revised Statutes 301.144, personalized plates ($15 a year, new plates every three years)",
          "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=301.144",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Revised Statutes 301.140, plate transfer fee ($2 plus any prorated difference)",
          "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=301.140",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "KY3, Missouri to eliminate temporary plates in February 2027 (FUSION phase 2), July 31, 2026",
          "url": "https://www.ky3.com/2026/07/30/new-missouri-tag-system-aims-eliminate-temporary-plates-dealerships-feel-left-dark/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Department of Revenue, Selling a Vehicle (gifts)",
          "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/selling-a-vehicle.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "montana",
      "name": "Montana",
      "abbr": "MT",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/montana/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Montana Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "Montana MVD",
        "url": "https://mvdmt.gov/vehicle-registration/light-vehicle-registration-and-fees/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "age",
        "age": [
          {
            "maxYears": 4,
            "amount": 223.51
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 10,
            "amount": 89.61
          },
          {
            "maxYears": null,
            "amount": 28.84
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Montana sets the registration rate by the car's age, counted as the calendar year minus the model year, and adds a 3% administrative fee: $217 a year ($223.51 with the fee) for a car up to four years old, $87 ($89.61) from five to ten years, and $28 ($28.84) at eleven and older. You can register for 12 or 24 months, and a car eleven years or older can be registered permanently. Most counties add a county option tax worked out from the car's MSRP, shown separately."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 12,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 12,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Montana certificate of title is $12."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration, and two are required, with the registration tab on the rear plate. Plates stay with you, not the car, and move to your next vehicle when it is registered at the County Treasurer. Personalized plates cost $25 more, then $10 at each renewal or transfer."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county option tax",
        "src": 2
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "noSalesTax": true,
        "stateRate": null,
        "localRate": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "This is why out-of-state buyers sometimes register an expensive car, a motorhome or a collector vehicle through a Montana LLC to dodge the tax in their own state. Forming the LLC and registering here is legal in Montana, but your home state can treat it as tax evasion, and several are cracking down. If you actually live in Montana, none of that applies to you; you simply pay no sales tax on the car."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 130,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 70,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Montana started charging a fee on electric and plug-in hybrid cars in 2024 to make up for the fuel tax they do not pay. A light electric car pays $130 a year and a plug-in hybrid $70, on top of the registration."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "State parks and fishing access fee",
          "amount": 9,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 6,
          "note": "A $9 fee on light vehicle registrations for Montana State Parks and Fishing Access Sites. You can waive it with Form MV118."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 12,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $12 title fee, paid at the county treasurer's office when you register."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Montana charges a late fee when a buyer takes more than 40 days from the sale date to title and register the vehicle. Registration renews in the month shown on your plates, at the County Treasurer in the county where you live.",
        "transferNote": "the buyer has 40 days from the sale date to title and register the vehicle at the County Treasurer, or a late fee is charged."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Montana does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork, and figures of a few hundred dollars are common."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Montana Motor Vehicle Division, Light Vehicle Registration and Fees",
          "url": "https://mvdmt.gov/vehicle-registration/light-vehicle-registration-and-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Montana Code 61-3-321, registration fees by vehicle age",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/montana/title-61/chapter-3/part-3/section-61-3-321/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Montana Code 61-3-537, county local option motor vehicle tax (up to 0.7% of value)",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/montana/title-61/chapter-3/part-5/section-61-3-537/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Montana HB 60 (2023), electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle fees",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/montana/title-61/chapter-3/part-3/section-61-3-321/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Montana MVD, Frequently Asked Questions (40 days to title, notary dropped October 2, 2025, MV63)",
          "url": "https://mvdmt.gov/faqs/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Montana MVD, License Plate Information (plates stay with the owner, personalized plates)",
          "url": "https://mvdmt.gov/license-plate-information/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Montana MVD, Forms: Title and Registration (MV118 State Parks fee waiver)",
          "url": "https://mvdmt.gov/forms-manuals-vehicle-title-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Montana MVD, Motorcycle and Quadricycle Registration and Fees",
          "url": "https://mvdmt.gov/vehicle-registration/motorcycle-and-quadricycle-registration-and-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "nebraska",
      "name": "Nebraska",
      "abbr": "NE",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/nebraska/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Nebraska DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.nebraska.gov/dvr/reg/registration-fees-and-taxes"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Nebraska charges a flat $15 registration fee for a passenger car, but that is the small part of what you pay. The charge that makes up most of a Nebraska registration is the Motor Vehicle Tax, worked out from the car's MSRP when new and charged every year until the car is 14 years old, and beside it a smaller Motor Vehicle Fee. Another $5.50 in statutory fees goes on every registration. In Omaha the city adds a basic $50 wheel tax, and in Lincoln $74 a year."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "Motor Vehicle Tax",
        "category": "tax",
        "baseSchedule": [
          {
            "maxPrice": 3999,
            "base": 25
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 5999,
            "base": 35
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 7999,
            "base": 45
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 9999,
            "base": 60
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 11999,
            "base": 100
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 13999,
            "base": 140
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 15999,
            "base": 180
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 17999,
            "base": 220
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 19999,
            "base": 260
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 21999,
            "base": 300
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 23999,
            "base": 340
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 25999,
            "base": 380
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 27999,
            "base": 420
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 29999,
            "base": 460
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 31999,
            "base": 500
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 33999,
            "base": 540
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 35999,
            "base": 580
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 37999,
            "base": 620
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 39999,
            "base": 660
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 41999,
            "base": 700
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 43999,
            "base": 740
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 45999,
            "base": 780
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 47999,
            "base": 820
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 49999,
            "base": 860
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 51999,
            "base": 900
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 53999,
            "base": 940
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 55999,
            "base": 980
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 57999,
            "base": 1020
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 59999,
            "base": 1060
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 61999,
            "base": 1100
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 63999,
            "base": 1140
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 65999,
            "base": 1180
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 67999,
            "base": 1220
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 69999,
            "base": 1260
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 71999,
            "base": 1300
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 73999,
            "base": 1340
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 75999,
            "base": 1380
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 77999,
            "base": 1420
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 79999,
            "base": 1460
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 81999,
            "base": 1500
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 83999,
            "base": 1540
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 85999,
            "base": 1580
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 87999,
            "base": 1620
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 89999,
            "base": 1660
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 91999,
            "base": 1700
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 93999,
            "base": 1740
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 95999,
            "base": 1780
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 97999,
            "base": 1820
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": 99999,
            "base": 1860
          },
          {
            "maxPrice": null,
            "base": 1900
          }
        ],
        "ageFactors": [
          1,
          0.9,
          0.8,
          0.7,
          0.6,
          0.51,
          0.42,
          0.33,
          0.24,
          0.15,
          0.15,
          0.07,
          0.07,
          0
        ],
        "src": 1,
        "note": "This is the charge that dominates a Nebraska registration, and it is billed every year with the plates. The state reads a base tax off the car's value when it was new, running from $25 on the cheapest cars up to $1,900 on anything that listed at $100,000 or more. That base is then multiplied by a fraction that falls every year the car ages: the full amount in the first year, 90% in the second, on down until it reaches zero once the car is fourteen years old. A car that listed at $30,000 pays $500 in its first year, then $450, then $400. Enter the original list price and the model year above for the figure on your own car."
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Nebraska certificate of title is $10, or $17 when a lien is noted on it."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 8.2,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Plates cost $4.10 each, so $8.20 for a new pair, charged whenever new, duplicate or replacement plates are issued."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.055,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.02,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Nebraska charges 5.5% state sales tax on a vehicle, and your city or county can add up to 2% more on top, set by where you live rather than where you buy. A trade-in comes off the price before the tax is worked out. Buy from a private seller and you still pay the tax yourself when you register the car at the county treasurer's office."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 150,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 75,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Nebraska adds an annual fee to an electric or alternative-fuel car to make up for the fuel tax it does not pay. A full electric or hydrogen fuel-cell car pays $150 a year and a plug-in hybrid $75, charged with the registration and paid into the state Highway Trust Fund."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Statutory fees (EMS, DMV, recreation road, county)",
          "amount": 5.5,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "Every registration carries $0.50 for the Emergency Medical System fund, $2.00 for the DMV cash fund, $1.50 for the State Recreation Road fund and $1.50 for the county ($5.00 for a non-resident)."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $10 title fee, paid at the county treasurer's office when you register."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 7,
        "src": 5
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Nebraska charges interest and a penalty when the registration and Motor Vehicle Tax are paid late, and the amount depends on how overdue you are and the tax owed. The county treasurer works it out."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Nebraska does not cap the dealer documentation fee. The dealer sets it and it is shown on the sale paperwork, and figures around $300 are common."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Nebraska DMV, Registration Fees and Taxes",
          "url": "https://dmv.nebraska.gov/dvr/reg/registration-fees-and-taxes",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Revised Statute 60-3,187, motor vehicle tax base table and age schedule",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ne/chapter-60-motor-vehicles/ne-rev-st-sect-60-3-187/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Revised Statute 60-3,190, motor vehicle fee",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ne/chapter-60-motor-vehicles/ne-rev-st-sect-60-3-190/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Revised Statute 60-3,191, alternative fuel and electric vehicle fee",
          "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-3,191",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Department of Revenue, sales and use tax on motor vehicles",
          "url": "https://revenue.nebraska.gov/businesses/motor-vehicle-tax-computation-and-information",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska DMV, New to Nebraska (30 days, sheriff inspection $10, title $10 or $17 with lien)",
          "url": "https://dmv.nebraska.gov/dvr/new-nebraska",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Douglas County Treasurer, FAQs (30 days from purchase to register and pay sales tax)",
          "url": "https://treasurer.douglascounty-ne.gov/faqs/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Omaha Finance, Wheel Tax FAQ (basic fee $50)",
          "url": "https://finance.cityofomaha.org/wheel-tax-frequently-asked-questions",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Lincoln, Wheel Tax ($74 a year, Lincoln Municipal Code 3.20)",
          "url": "https://www.lincoln.ne.gov/City/Departments/LTU/Transportation/Wheel-Tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Revised Statute 60-3,153",
          "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-3,153",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Department of Revenue, Sales and Use Tax Regulation 1-036, motor vehicles",
          "url": "https://revenue.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/legal/regs/1-036.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "nevada",
      "name": "Nevada",
      "abbr": "NV",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/nevada/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Nevada DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.nv.gov/regfees.htm"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 33,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "The registration fee itself is $33.00 and it is the small part of a Nevada renewal. The number that makes a Nevada bill hurt is the Governmental Services Tax below, which is worked out from the list price of the car when it was new."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "Governmental Services Tax",
        "category": "tax",
        "rate": 0.04,
        "per": 1,
        "initialShare": 0.35,
        "schedule": [
          0.95,
          0.85,
          0.75,
          0.65,
          0.55,
          0.45,
          0.35,
          0.25,
          0.15
        ],
        "holdLastShare": true,
        "minimum": 16,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "This is the charge people mean when they say Nevada registration is expensive. The DMV starts from 35% of the original list price of the car, not what you paid, and calls that the DMV valuation. It then writes that figure down: 95% of it in the first year, and ten percentage points less each year after, stopping at 15%. The tax is 4% of whatever is left, with a $16.00 minimum. A car that listed at $30,000.00 new has a DMV valuation of $10,500.00 and pays about $399.00 in its first year. Clark and Churchill counties add a supplemental Governmental Services Tax of a further 1% of the same figure, which is not included here."
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 28.25,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 28.25,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A first time Nevada title is $28.25."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration, with a small plate fee at first registration."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0685,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0.0025,
          "max": 0.01525,
          "typical": 0.01525
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "The 6.85% is the rate every Nevada county charges as a floor, made up of the state rate and the local taxes the whole state pays. On top of that, county rates take the combined figure from 7.1% in Douglas, Elko, Lander, Lincoln, Lyon and Pershing to 8.375% in Clark. The calculator uses the Clark County figure by default because that is the county most Nevada drivers live in, so if you are registering somewhere rural your tax will be lower than the number shown. The tax only applies to dealer sales: the Nevada DMV says private-party sales, family sales and gifts are not subject to sales tax, so on a private purchase leave the tax line out.",
        "privateSaleExempt": true
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": null,
        "note": null
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 28.25,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $28.25 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 6,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Nevada charges on both halves of the bill. The registration fee picks up a $6.00 per month penalty. The Governmental Services Tax picks up a 10% penalty with a $6.00 minimum, recalculated every 15 days rather than every month, which is why a Nevada late bill grows faster than people expect. You also pay the full year ahead plus a pro rated amount for the time the car sat unregistered. None of it applies for any period you held a valid movement permit.",
        "graceText": "Nevada has no grace period. Registration expires on the date printed, not at the end of the month. Renew late and you pay the full year ahead, a prorated amount for the time the car sat unregistered, $6.00 a month on the registration fee and a 10% penalty on the Governmental Services Tax (at least $6.00, recalculated every 15 days)."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Nothing in Nevada's motor vehicle law caps it. The only rule is that an advertisement leaving the fee out of the price has to name it and show the amount. So the size is up to the dealer, and the most you are owed is to see the figure before you commit, so ask for it up front."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Nevada DMV, registration fees and governmental services tax",
          "url": "https://dmv.nv.gov/regfees.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nevada Department of Taxation, components of sales and use tax rates",
          "url": "https://tax.nv.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Components-of-Sales-Tax.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nevada Administrative Code 482.150, advertised price and document preparation charges",
          "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-482.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "NRS 482.385, registration on becoming a Nevada resident (30 days)",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/nevada/2015/chapter-482/statute-482.385/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nevada DMV, emission control program (testing areas and exemptions)",
          "url": "https://dmv.nv.gov/emission.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nevada DMV, new resident guide (VIN inspection)",
          "url": "https://dmv.nv.gov/newresident.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-hampshire",
      "name": "New Hampshire",
      "abbr": "NH",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/new-hampshire/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "New Hampshire Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "NH DMV",
        "url": "https://www.dmv.nh.gov/vehicles-boats-and-titles/vehicle-registrations"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 3000,
            "amount": 42
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5000,
            "amount": 48
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 8000,
            "amount": 66
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 66
          }
        ],
        "src": 2,
        "note": "This is the state part of a New Hampshire registration, set by the car's weight: $3.50 a month up to 3,000 lbs, $4.00 to 5,000 lbs and $5.50 to 8,000 lbs, so about $42, $48 or $66 for a full year (the state raised these on 1 January 2026). Your registration runs to the end of your birth month, so a first registration is prorated for 5 to 16 months. The larger charge is the town permit fee below, which is worked out from the car's list price. Your town clerk may add a municipal agent fee of up to $3 for handling the state part."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "Town Permit Fee",
        "category": "fee",
        "initialShare": 1,
        "per": 1,
        "rateSchedule": [
          0.018,
          0.015,
          0.012,
          0.009,
          0.006
        ],
        "rateBeyond": 0.003,
        "minimum": 5,
        "glanceText": "Starts at $18 per $1,000 of the car's original list price and falls each year to a floor of $3 per $1,000 from the sixth year on (never less than $5). Worked out from the sticker price when new, not what you paid.",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "This is the charge that makes up most of a New Hampshire registration, and every town uses the same formula. It is worked out from the manufacturer's list price when the car was new, not what you paid, at a rate that falls with age: 18 mills per dollar (so $18 per $1,000) for the current model year, then 15, 12, 9 and 6 mills over the next four years, and 3 mills for the fifth model year and every year after. A mill is a tenth of a cent. A car that listed at $30,000 pays about $540 in its first year and $90 once it is six years old. Enter the original list price above for your own figure; the fee is never less than $5."
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 35,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 35,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A New Hampshire certificate of title is $35, up from $25 on 1 January 2026. Vehicles that are more than 15 model years old, and any vehicle model year 1999 or older, are exempt from titling in New Hampshire."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 8,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "There is an $8 plate fee the first time you order plates. You keep the plates and move them to your next car, so it is a one-off rather than a yearly charge. A vanity plate costs $60 a year, up from $40 on January 1, 2026."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "municipal agent fee",
        "src": 1
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "noSalesTax": true,
        "stateRate": null,
        "localRate": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "New Hampshire is one of the handful of states with no general sales tax, and that includes vehicles. Buying a car here to avoid tax only works if you actually live here: if you register the car in another state, that state charges its own use tax on it, so the saving is not real for an out-of-state buyer."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 100,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 50,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "New Hampshire adds a surcharge to the annual registration of an electric or plug-in hybrid car to make up for the fuel tax it does not pay: $100 a year for a battery-electric vehicle and $50 for a plug-in hybrid (HB2, 2023). It is charged every year, prorated like the rest of the registration."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 35,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $35 title fee, handled when you register at the town clerk's office or a NH DMV office."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 20,
        "src": 4
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "New Hampshire does not charge a set penalty to re-register a car whose registration has lapsed; you pay the normal fee. But driving on an expired registration can get you fined. Renewing from out of state is allowed up to four months before the expiration date, by sending the renewal notice and payment to your town or city.",
        "faq": "There is no late fee as such: you pay the normal town and state fees when you renew. The risk is a ticket for driving on an expired registration. Your registration runs to the end of your birth month, and you renew at your town or city first, online in many towns."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "New Hampshire does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It has to be shown on the sale paperwork, but the amount is set by the dealer, and figures of a few hundred dollars are common."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "New Hampshire DMV, Vehicle Registrations",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.nh.gov/vehicles-boats-and-titles/vehicle-registrations",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "RSA 261:153, town and city registration permit fee (mill rate schedule)",
          "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/261/261-153.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "RSA 261:141, state motor vehicle registration fees by weight",
          "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/261/261-141.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "RSA 261:141-c, electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle registration surcharge",
          "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/261/261-141-c.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "City of Nashua, State of NH DMV Fee Increase Table (effective January 1, 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.nashuanh.gov/1714/State-of-NH-DMV-Fee-Increase-Table",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NH DMV, Inspections and Emissions (program suspended, February 13, 2026 guidance)",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.nh.gov/vehicles-boats-and-titles/inspections-emissions",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NH DMV, New Resident to New Hampshire (60 days, domicile)",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.nh.gov/vehicles-boats-and-titles/vehicle-registrations/new-resident-new-hampshire",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Concord Monitor, August 7, 2026: EPA proposes approving the end of NH car inspections",
          "url": "https://www.concordmonitor.com/2026/08/07/epa-legalizes-new-hampshire-car-inspections/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-jersey",
      "name": "New Jersey",
      "abbr": "NJ",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/new-jersey/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission",
        "short": "NJ MVC",
        "counter": "a motor vehicle agency",
        "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/regfees.htm"
      },
      "registration": {
        "glossary": "In New Jersey it is set by the weight and age of the car and paid every year, except that a new car's first registration runs four years.",
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 3500,
            "amount": 46.5,
            "amountRecent": 59
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 71.5,
            "amountRecent": 84
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "New Jersey charges by weight and by how new the car is. Under 3,500 lbs it is $46.50, or $59.00 if the model year is within two years. Over 3,500 lbs it is $71.50, or $84.00 within two years. Drivers aged 65 and over, and people with disabilities, take $7.00 off. Cars built in 1979 or earlier run on an older table starting at $35.50."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 60,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 60,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A title transfer is $60.00, or $85.00 with one lien and $110.00 with two."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "The MVC includes the plates in the registration.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "In New Jersey a personalized plate is a **one-time $50**, not a yearly charge. You pay again only to revive a plate whose registration lapsed over two years ago ($50), or to have it reissued to someone other than the registered owner ($50)."
            },
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "New Jersey plate",
                  "First payment",
                  "Each year after"
                ],
                [
                  "Personalized (3 to 7 characters)",
                  "$50",
                  "None"
                ],
                [
                  "Dedicated (special interest)",
                  "$50",
                  "$10"
                ],
                [
                  "Dedicated, personalized (up to 5 characters)",
                  "$100",
                  "The plate’s renewal fee"
                ],
                [
                  "USS New Jersey Battleship",
                  "$50",
                  "$15"
                ],
                [
                  "Agriculture",
                  "$20",
                  "None"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Order online with your MyMVC account number, or mail Form SP-1 with a $50 check to the MVC Special Plate Unit, PO Box 15, Trenton, NJ 08666-0015; leased cars go through the Special Plates Unit at 609-633-8857. Seen a black New Jersey plate? It isn’t on the MVC’s list, which runs to standard, personalized, dedicated, organizational, sports and historic or hot rod plates, and a cover that hides any lettering can cost you a fine of up to $100."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            10,
            11,
            12
          ]
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06625,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "6.625% statewide, with no separate county or city rate on a vehicle. The MVC's own instruction is to subtract the trade-in price from the price of the new vehicle and work the tax out on the adjusted price, so a trade-in cuts the bill. Electric cars used to be exempt from this tax entirely. That ended: the exemption was phased out through 2024 and 2025, and from 1 July 2025 a zero emission vehicle pays the full 6.625% like anything else."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 270,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": "the year running 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "New Jersey charges an extra annual fee on a zero emission vehicle on top of the registration. It began at $250.00 on 1 July 2024 and rises $10.00 a year, which puts it at $270.00 for the year to 30 June 2027 and $290.00 from 1 July 2028 onward. The sting is in the timing: a new zero emission vehicle is registered for four years and all four years of the fee are due at the counter on day one. The MVC's own worked example for a car registered in 2024 comes to $1,020.00 up front.",
        "vrNote": "A zero emission vehicle pays $270 a year on top, rising to $290; a new one pays four years of it when first registered."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 60,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is $60.00, or $85.00 if the car is financed and a lien has to go on the title."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "There is no separate lien fee. A title with one lien is $85.00 instead of $60.00."
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": {
          "type": "flat",
          "amount": 25,
          "tiers": null
        },
        "src": 0,
        "note": "The MVC's fee schedule lists no late fee for renewing a registration after it expires, so renewing late costs the normal fee. Driving on an expired registration can still get you a ticket.",
        "transferNote": "a New Jersey or dealer reassigned title has to be transferred within 10 working days of the sale, or there is a $25.00 penalty."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "New Jersey sets no maximum, and there is a second sting most buyers miss. The Division of Taxation treats the documentary service fee as part of the sales price, because it is either an expense of the dealer or a service needed to complete the sale. That means it is taxed. A $500.00 doc fee in New Jersey costs you $533.13 once the 6.625% goes on top of it."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Registration and Title Fees",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/regfees.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Instructions for NJ Residents to Title and Register a Vehicle, form GU-30",
          "url": "https://nj.gov/mvc/pdf/about/GU30_Revised.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Transferring Vehicle Ownership",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/transowner.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Jersey Division of Taxation, notice on Zero Emission Vehicle sales tax",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/treasury/taxation/zevnotice.shtml",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Jersey Revised Statutes 39:3-8.5, annual zero emission vehicle fee",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/title-39/section-39-3-8-5/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Jersey Division of Taxation, notice to motor vehicle dealerships on documentary service fees",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/treasury/taxation/pdf/Noticemotorvehicledealerships.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Vehicle Registration Renewal (notice three months ahead, same-day online renewal, appointments)",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/regrenew.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Moving to New Jersey (60 days, documents, title fees)",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/drivertopics/movetonj.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, About Vehicle Inspections and How Do I Get My Vehicle Inspected (every two years, five-year new car inspection)",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/inspection/inspecthow.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Vehicles Exempt From Inspection (N.J.A.C. 13:20-7.2)",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/inspection/exemptinsp.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Personalized Plates ($50 one-time, three letters minimum, seven characters)",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/personalized.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Dedicated Plates ($50 initial, $10 renewal, $100 to personalize)",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/dedicated.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "NJ MVC, Standard Issue Plates (plate types, covers, N.J.S.A. 39:3-48b)",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/standplates.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-mexico",
      "name": "New Mexico",
      "abbr": "NM",
      "verified": "2026-11-04",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/new-mexico/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "New Mexico Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "New Mexico MVD",
        "url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/chapter-6-fees-penalties-and-excise-tax/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "olderThan": 5,
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 2000,
            "amount": 33.75,
            "amountOlder": 26.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3000,
            "amount": 48.75,
            "amountOlder": 38.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 70,
            "amountOlder": 56.25
          }
        ],
        "src": 3,
        "note": "New Mexico sets the registration fee by the car's weight and age. These are the yearly fees after the 25% increase on July 1, 2026, the first since 2004: $33.75 up to 2,000 lbs, $48.75 up to 3,000 lbs and $70 above that. Once a car is more than five years old the fee drops to $26.25, $38.75 and $56.25. You can register for one year or two (double the fee), renewing online takes 5% off, and a veteran with a certificate from the New Mexico Department of Veterans Services pays one third less."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 5,
          "src": 1
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 5,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "A New Mexico certificate of title is $5, plus a $2 administrative fee, so about $7 to put the title in your name."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "New Mexico includes the standard plate in the registration, so there is no separate plate fee to add."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "local fee",
        "src": 1
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.04,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "motor vehicle excise tax",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "New Mexico does not charge its gross receipts tax on a vehicle. It charges a 4% motor vehicle excise tax on the price instead, paid when you title the car. A trade-in comes off the price first, and so do rebates applied at the sale, including a manufacturer rebate you are guaranteed to receive later. The dealer's transfer or paperwork fee is not part of the taxed price. On a private sale, the NADA value is used if the price you declare is below 80% of the NADA average trade-in value."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "New Mexico does not charge an extra registration fee on an electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle as of 2026. A bill to add an annual EV fee was introduced but did not pass, so an electric car registers on the same weight-and-age schedule as any other."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Tire recycling fee",
          "amount": 1.5,
          "src": 2,
          "note": "A $1.50 tire recycling fee charged with the registration."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 5,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $5 title fee (plus the $2 administrative fee)."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Drive on an expired registration and MVD adds a $10.00 penalty. Once more than 30 days have passed, it becomes 75% of the registration fee or $10.00, whichever is more.",
        "transferNote": "apply for the title within 30 days of the purchase or MVD adds a $20 late transfer penalty, and within 90 days or the state adds 50% to the 4% motor vehicle excise tax.",
        "faq": "There is no free grace period. Drive on an expired registration and MVD adds $10; after 30 days the penalty is 75% of the registration fee (at least $10), so a $70 registration picks up $52.50. Renewing online, which also takes 5% off the fee, is the easy fix."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "New Mexico does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "New Mexico Taxation & Revenue, Motor Vehicle Excise Tax",
          "url": "https://www.tax.newmexico.gov/all-nm-taxes/2020/10/22/motor-vehicle-excise-tax/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Mexico MVD, Chapter 6 – Fees, Penalties and Excise Tax",
          "url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/chapter-6-fees-penalties-and-excise-tax/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NMSA 66-6-2, passenger vehicle registration fees",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nm/chapter-66-motor-vehicles/nm-st-sect-66-6-2/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NMDOT, vehicle registration fees to increase July 1, 2026",
          "url": "https://www.dot.nm.gov/blog/2026/06/30/vehicle-registration-fees-weight-distance-tax-to-increase-july-1/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "MVD New Mexico, Renew a Vehicle Registration (late penalties)",
          "url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/vehicles/vehicle-registration/renew-a-vehicle-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "MVD New Mexico, Register Your Vehicle (documents, VIN inspection, Bernalillo emissions, gift affidavit)",
          "url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/vehicles/vehicle-registration/register-your-vehicle/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Mexico Statutes 66-6-1, motorcycle registration fees",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nm/chapter-66-motor-vehicles/nm-st-sect-66-6-1/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-york",
      "name": "New York",
      "abbr": "NY",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/new-york/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "New York State Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "NY DMV",
        "counter": "a DMV office",
        "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/registration/passenger-vehicle-registration-fees-use-taxes-and-supplemental-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "glossary": "In New York it is set by the weight of the car and billed for two years at a time, at every renewal.",
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 1650,
            "amount": 13
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 1750,
            "amount": 13.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 1850,
            "amount": 14.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 1950,
            "amount": 15.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2050,
            "amount": 16.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2150,
            "amount": 17
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2250,
            "amount": 17.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2350,
            "amount": 18.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2450,
            "amount": 19.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2550,
            "amount": 20.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2650,
            "amount": 21
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2750,
            "amount": 21.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2850,
            "amount": 22.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 2950,
            "amount": 23.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3050,
            "amount": 24.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3150,
            "amount": 25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3250,
            "amount": 26
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3350,
            "amount": 26.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3450,
            "amount": 27.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3550,
            "amount": 28.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3650,
            "amount": 29.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3750,
            "amount": 30.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3850,
            "amount": 32
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 3950,
            "amount": 33.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4050,
            "amount": 34.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4150,
            "amount": 35.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4250,
            "amount": 36.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4350,
            "amount": 38
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4450,
            "amount": 39.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4550,
            "amount": 40.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4650,
            "amount": 41.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4750,
            "amount": 42.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4850,
            "amount": 44
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4950,
            "amount": 45.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5050,
            "amount": 46.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5150,
            "amount": 47.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5250,
            "amount": 49
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5350,
            "amount": 50.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5450,
            "amount": 51.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5550,
            "amount": 52.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5650,
            "amount": 53.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5750,
            "amount": 55
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5850,
            "amount": 56.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5950,
            "amount": 57.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6050,
            "amount": 58.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6150,
            "amount": 59.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6250,
            "amount": 61
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6350,
            "amount": 62.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6450,
            "amount": 63.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6550,
            "amount": 64.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6650,
            "amount": 65.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6750,
            "amount": 67
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6850,
            "amount": 68.25
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6950,
            "amount": 69.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 70
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "New York registers passenger cars for two years at a time and charges by weight. The figures here are the yearly halves of the published two year fee, which is what the DMV tells you to do if you want the one year figure. A car with six or more cylinders, and an electric car, has a floor of $32.50 for the two years, which is $16.25 a year. That floor replaces the weight figure where the weight figure is lower, it is not added to it."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 50,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 50,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "The title certificate fee is $50.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 25,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Vehicle plates are $25.00 on an original registration.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "Personalized plates in New York cost **$60** to order for a car, then **$31.25 a year**, collected with your registration renewal. For a motorcycle it’s $35 and $18.75."
            },
            {
              "ul": [
                "2 to 8 characters on a standard plate, and the state image can count as one of them",
                "2 to 6 on a motorcycle plate, and up to 6 on a picture plate",
                "a space counts as a character, and special characters aren’t accepted",
                "the plates are made flat, with no raised letters"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            12
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://transact3.dmv.ny.gov/platespersonalized/",
            "label": "Check and order a combination on the NY DMV site"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 55,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county use tax and MCTD fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.04,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0.03,
          "max": 0.04875,
          "typical": 0.04
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "tradeInDealerOnly": true,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "New York charges 4% state sales tax and a local rate on top that runs from 3% to 4.875%. Eight percent all in is the figure more New York counties charge than any other, and New York City and Yonkers are the highest at 8.875%. A trade-in comes off the price before the tax is worked out, but the rule has a condition: the credit has to be applied against the car you are buying in the same deal, by a seller who is going to resell the trade. A private seller who is not reselling does not give you that credit, and you cannot carry an unused part of it to another purchase."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": null,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": null,
        "note": "New York does not charge a separate annual fee on an electric vehicle. What the DMV does publish for an electric car is the $32.50 two year floor on the registration fee, which is the same floor a six cylinder car gets. So an electric car in New York can pay slightly more than a very light gas car, but there is no surcharge on top."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 50,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $50.00 title certificate fee, with the $25.00 plate fee and the registration fee if you are registering it as well."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 8,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "New York does not publish a late fee for renewing a registration after it expires. The penalty that does bite in New York is about insurance rather than lateness, and it is a daily one. If your coverage lapses while the car is registered, the DMV charges $8.00 a day for the first 30 days, $10.00 a day from day 31 to day 60, and $12.00 a day from day 61 to day 90. At 91 days you can no longer pay it off at all and the registration is revoked. A full 90 day lapse works out at $900.00 before anything else.",
        "vrNote": "Renewing late costs nothing extra in New York. The costs are elsewhere: a ticket for driving on the expired registration, and the daily insurance lapse penalty set out above if the coverage stopped too."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 175,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "New York caps what a dealer can charge you for handling the registration at $175.00, on top of the actual title, registration and plate fees. That $175.00 is the figure New York buyers see on the order as a documentation or doc fee. It is a hard ceiling rather than a guideline, so a higher number on your paperwork is worth questioning before you sign."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, passenger vehicle registration fees, use taxes and supplemental fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/registration/passenger-vehicle-registration-fees-use-taxes-and-supplemental-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, sales tax rates, additional sales taxes and fees",
          "url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/tg_bulletins/st/sales_tax_rates_additional_sales_taxes_and_fees.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, taxable receipt, how discounts, trade-ins and additional charges affect sales tax",
          "url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/tg_bulletins/st/taxable_receipt.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, buy, sell or transfer vehicle ownership",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/titles/buy-sell-or-transfer-vehicle-ownership",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, Publication 718, New York State sales and use tax rates by jurisdiction",
          "url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/publications/sales/pub718.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, let the buyer be aware",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/brochure/let-the-buyer-be-aware",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, pay an insurance lapse civil penalty",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/insurance/pay-an-insurance-lapse-civil-penalty",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, register an out-of-state vehicle (30 days after becoming a resident)",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/registration/register-an-out-of-state-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, about New York State inspections, and VS-77 inspection fee chart",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/inspections/about-new-york-state-inspections",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, estimate registration fees and taxes (MCTD fee, plate transfer)",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/registration/estimate-registration-fees-and-taxes",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, renew a registration",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/registration/renew-a-registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "New York Vehicle and Traffic Law 410",
          "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/410",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "NY DMV, Personalized Plate Numbers (fees, character rules)",
          "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/plates/personalized-plate-numbers",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "north-carolina",
      "name": "North Carolina",
      "abbr": "NC",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/north-carolina/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "NCDMV",
        "counter": "an NCDMV license plate agency",
        "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/vehicle/Pages/fees.aspx"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 46.25,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Annual registration for a private passenger vehicle. A motorcycle is $29.50, a private truck rated at 5,000 lbs is $70.00 and one at 6,000 lbs is $83.00. The registration fee is only part of what you pay each year: under North Carolina's Tag & Tax Together system your county vehicle property tax is billed with the renewal and must be paid at the same time. It is charged at your county's rate on the car's NADA value, commonly around $0.55 to $1.10 per $100 (roughly $165 to $330 a year on a $30,000 car), and it is not included in this estimate because the rate depends on your county.",
        "vrNote": "A private passenger car pays $46.25 a year, whatever it is worth. The vehicle property tax on the same notice is set by your county, and Wake, Durham and Orange add $17 of their own."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 66.75,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 66.75,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A certificate of title is $66.75. A corrected, substitute or duplicate title is $25.50, and an instant title over the counter is $126.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "NCDMV issues the standard plate with the registration in three designs: First in Flight, First in Freedom, and the National/State Motto plate carrying “In God We Trust” and “To Be Rather Than to Seem.”",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "A personalized plate costs **$30 a year** on top of the $46.25 registration. The 100-plus specialty designs carry their own yearly fee, between $10 and $30 for most, and personalizing one adds the $30 as well."
            },
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "Plate job",
                  "NCDMV fee"
                ],
                [
                  "Personalized plate",
                  "$30 a year"
                ],
                [
                  "Moving a plate to another car",
                  "$25.50"
                ],
                [
                  "Replacing a lost or stolen plate",
                  "$25.50 plus notary fee"
                ],
                [
                  "Replacing a damaged standard plate",
                  "Free"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "ul": [
                "Up to 8 characters on a car and 7 on a motorcycle.",
                "Numbers are allowed, and so are ?, &, $ and @. Some of these symbols take up only half a space.",
                "The letter O is printed as a zero.",
                "A personalized specialty plate needs at least one letter.",
                "An outside vendor makes the plate and NCDMV mails it to you, which takes about 6 to 8 weeks."
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "You can’t give a personalized plate to a friend, but you can release your rights to the combination so they can order it. Lost, stolen and damaged plates are only replaced in person at a license plate agency, with Form MVR-18. Ordering details and the transfer rules are on {check}."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            0,
            9,
            10
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/license-plates/Pages/default.aspx",
            "label": "NCDMV’s license plates page"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 17,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county and regional transport tax",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.03,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInDealerOnly": true,
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "North Carolina highway use tax",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "North Carolina does not charge sales tax on a vehicle. It charges a 3% highway use tax on the retail value every time a title is transferred, which is one of the lowest vehicle tax rates in the country. The statute takes off the allowance given by the retailer for a car taken in trade, so a trade-in reduces it on a dealer sale. Two caps worth knowing: the tax is capped at $250.00 for someone moving into the state with a car they already own, and at $2,000.00 on a commercial vehicle or a recreational vehicle."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 214.5,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 107.25,
        "appliesFrom": "vehicles registered from 1 January 2024",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "North Carolina charges $214.50 a year for an electric vehicle and $107.25 for a plug-in hybrid, both on top of the $46.25 registration. That makes an electric car cost $260.75 a year to keep on the road against $46.25 for a gas one, a difference of more than five times.",
        "vrNote": "Added to every registration: $214.50 for an electric car and $107.25 for a plug-in hybrid."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 66.75,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $66.75 certificate of title fee. Apply within 28 days of delivery or the notary date, whichever is later, or a $20.00 late penalty is added."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "graceText": "North Carolina lets you keep driving for 15 days after the expiration date, the \"valid through\" date on your registration, but the NCDMV late fee starts the day after it expires.",
        "penalty": {
          "type": "tiered",
          "amount": null,
          "tiers": [
            {
              "months": 1,
              "amount": 15
            },
            {
              "months": 2,
              "amount": 20
            },
            {
              "months": null,
              "amount": 25
            }
          ]
        },
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Renewing after the expiration date adds a late fee of $15.00 if it is less than one month late, $20.00 at one to two months and $25.00 at two months or more. Interest is also charged on any vehicle property tax due: 5% for the rest of the month after the registration expired, then 0.75% a month until it is paid.",
        "transferNote": "a $20.00 late penalty if the buyer does not apply for the title transfer within 28 days of delivery or the notary date, whichever is later."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "North Carolina sets no maximum. It regulates how the fee is disclosed rather than how big it is: a notice at least 24 inches on each side has to be posted in the sales or finance area, the fee has to be disclosed in any price advertising, and it has to appear as its own line on your buyer's order. So the number is not capped, but it should never be a surprise."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "NCDMV, Vehicle Title and Registration Fees",
          "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/vehicle/Pages/fees.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "North Carolina General Statutes 105-187.3, rate of highway use tax",
          "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_105/GS_105-187.3.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "North Carolina General Statutes 20-101.1, dealer administrative fees",
          "url": "https://ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-101.1.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Official NCDMV, Vehicle Property Taxes (Tag & Tax Together, county rate on NADA value)",
          "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/Pages/vehicle-property-tax.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-26"
        },
        {
          "label": "Official NCDMV, vehicle emissions and safety inspections ($13.60 safety, $30 with emissions, 19 counties, 90 days before renewal)",
          "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/emissions-safety/Pages/default.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Official NCDMV, vehicle registration renewals (late fees, 15-day valid-through period, interest, no stickers from 1 Oct 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/registration/Pages/default.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Official NCDMV, moving to North Carolina (60 days, license first, NC insurance)",
          "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/help/moving/Pages/new-residents.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "US EPA, proposal to approve removing vehicle emissions testing in 19 North Carolina counties (11 May 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-proposes-approving-north-carolinas-plan-remove-vehicle-emissions-testing",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Official NCDMV, get your digital vehicle registration (no stickers or printed cards from 1 Oct 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/registration/pages/digital-vehicle-registration.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "North Carolina General Statutes 20-79.7, special plate fees (Personalized $30)",
          "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-79.7.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Official NCDMV, License Plates (standard designs, personalized plate rules, transfers)",
          "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/license-plates/Pages/default.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "North Carolina General Statutes 105-187.6, highway use tax exemptions (gifts between family)",
          "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_105/gs_105-187.6.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        },
        {
          "label": "NCDMV, Form MVR-613, Highway Use Tax Exemption Certification",
          "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/downloads/Documents/MVR-613.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "north-dakota",
      "name": "North Dakota",
      "abbr": "ND",
      "verified": "2026-11-04",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/north-dakota/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "North Dakota Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "NDDOT",
        "url": "https://www.dot.nd.gov/motor-vehicle"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "ageBreaks": [
          6,
          9,
          12
        ],
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 3199,
            "amounts": [
              73,
              65,
              57,
              49
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4499,
            "amounts": [
              93,
              81,
              69,
              57
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4999,
            "amounts": [
              111,
              94,
              79,
              63
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5999,
            "amounts": [
              142,
              120,
              98,
              76
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6999,
            "amounts": [
              175,
              146,
              117,
              89
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 7999,
            "amounts": [
              208,
              172,
              137,
              102
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 8999,
            "amounts": [
              241,
              199,
              157,
              115
            ]
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amounts": [
              274,
              225,
              177,
              128
            ]
          }
        ],
        "src": 3,
        "note": "North Dakota is one of the priciest states to register a car, and this is why: the fee is set by the car's weight and drops only slowly with age. A typical car under 3,200 lbs is $73 a year for its first six years, then $65, then $57, and $49 from the thirteenth year on. A heavier vehicle at 9,000 lbs and over starts at $274. The four steps in the statute are the 1st to 6th years, the 7th to 9th, the 10th to 12th, and the 13th year onward. Enter your weight and age in the calculator above for the exact figure. The age steps count from the year the car was first registered, not its model year, and a registration that starts partway through the year is prorated by the month."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 5,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 5,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A North Dakota certificate of title is $5."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration. North Dakota keeps the plate with the owner, so you move it to your next car rather than buying a new one."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "local fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.05,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "motor vehicle excise tax",
        "src": 4,
        "note": "North Dakota does not charge its general sales tax on a vehicle. It charges a 5% motor vehicle excise tax on the purchase price instead, paid when you title the car. A dealer's trade-in allowance comes off the price first. If your car was stolen or totaled, the excise on its replacement gets a credit up to what the insurer paid you plus your deductible."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 120,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 50,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "North Dakota charges a road use fee on top of the normal registration to make up for the fuel tax these cars do not pay: $120 a year for a battery-electric vehicle and $50 for a plug-in hybrid. An electric motorcycle pays $20."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Abandoned vehicle disposal fee",
          "amount": 1.5,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A one-time $1.50 fee charged when a vehicle is first titled in North Dakota."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 5,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $5 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 5,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "North Dakota does not publish a flat late penalty for renewing a registration, and it prorates the fee monthly when you register partway through the year. Driving on an expired registration can get you fined."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "North Dakota does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "NDDOT, Motor Vehicle Registration Manual",
          "url": "https://www.dot.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/Motor%20Vehicle%20Services/registration-manual.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NDCC 39-04-19, passenger motor vehicle registration fees by weight and age",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nd/title-39-motor-vehicles/nd-cent-code-sect-39-04-19/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner, Motor Vehicle Excise Tax Guideline",
          "url": "https://www.tax.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/guidelines/business/sales-use/gl-21963.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NDDOT, Passenger Fee Schedule MVD-2, effective January 1 to December 31, 2026 (fees by year first registered)",
          "url": "https://www.dot.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/Motor%20Vehicle%20Services/mvd-2-passenger-fee-2026.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NDCC 57-40.3-01, motor vehicle excise tax definitions (trade-in, stolen or destroyed vehicle credit)",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nd/title-57-taxation/nd-cent-code-sect-57-40-3-01/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "NDCC 57-40.3-04, motor vehicle excise tax exemptions (family gifts, military transfers)",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nd/title-57-taxation/nd-cent-code-sect-57-40-3-04/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "ohio",
      "name": "Ohio",
      "abbr": "OH",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/ohio/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Ohio BMV",
        "url": "https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/doc-fees.aspx"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 36,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Annual passenger registration. A motorcycle is $30.00, a light non-commercial truck up to three quarters of a ton is $51.00, and a motor home is $51.00."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 18,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 18,
          "src": 0
        },
        "countyFee": 23,
        "note": "The statewide title fee is $18.00 whether the vehicle is new or used. A county that has approved the higher amount charges $23.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the $36.00 registration. Transferring plates to another car is $9.00, a replacement sticker is $9.00, and replacing both plates is $16.25.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "Ohio’s personalized plates aren’t a one-time buy. The BMV adds **$50 to every registration renewal**, so five years of your own letters comes to $250. Just holding on to a particular plate number is cheaper, at $25 a year, and college or pro team designs are $35 a year."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            0
          ]
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 30,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "permissive tax",
        "src": 3
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0575,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0.0075,
          "max": 0.025,
          "typical": 0.015
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "new_only",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Ohio charges 5.75% plus a county and transit rate that runs from 0.75% to 2.5%. The typical rate used here is 1.5%, which is the 7.25% total charged in more Ohio counties than any other figure. The trade-in rule is the one to watch: Ohio only lets a trade-in allowance reduce the price when the vehicle you are buying is new. On a used car the trade-in changes nothing and tax is charged on the full price."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 200,
        "hybrid": 100,
        "phev": 150,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Ohio charges an annual fuel type fee on top of the $36.00 registration: $200.00 for a full electric car, $150.00 for a plug-in hybrid and $100.00 for a conventional hybrid."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Deputy registrar service fee",
          "amount": 8,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "Charged by the deputy registrar office that processes a one year registration. Two years is $12.00 and three years is $16.00."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 18,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name costs the same $18.00 as an original title, or $23.00 in a county that has approved the higher fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 5,
        "src": 0,
        "graceText": "Ohio does not publish a grace period, so treat the expiry date on your registration as the deadline. The 30 days before the late fee starts are not a grace period: the registration has still expired, and driving on it can still get you a ticket.",
        "note": "A $10.00 late fee is charged on certain registrations renewed more than 30 days after they expire. You can renew up to 90 days before the expiration date.",
        "transferNote": "Ohio gives you 30 days to apply for the title; miss it and the Clerk of Courts collects a $5.00 fee for issuing the certificate."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 398,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 7,
        "note": "Ohio caps the documentary service charge at $398.00 for 2026 (1 January to 31 December 2026) or 10% of what you pay under the contract before tax, title and registration, whichever is less. The dollar figure started at $250.00 and rises each year with the Consumer Price Index, and Ohio's dealer licensing office publishes the new figure for each calendar year. On a $2,000 car the 10% limb holds the fee to $200.00."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Ohio BMV, Documents and Fees (updated 5 Jan 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/doc-fees.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio Department of Taxation, Sales and Use Tax Rates by County",
          "url": "https://tax.ohio.gov/business/sales-and-use-tax/rate-tables",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio Department of Taxation, Sales Tax for Motor Vehicles, Watercraft and Aircraft",
          "url": "https://tax.ohio.gov/business/sales-and-use-tax/motor-vehicles",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio BMV, Vehicle Registration Permissive Tax FAQs",
          "url": "https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/links/bmv_Permissive_Tax_FAQs.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio BMV, Vehicle Titles",
          "url": "https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/titles-new.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio Department of Taxation, Motor Vehicle Taxability for Dealers",
          "url": "https://tax.ohio.gov/help-center/faqs/vehicle-taxability-compliance-dealers/motor-vehicle-taxability-dealers",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio Revised Code 4505.06, application for certificate of title",
          "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4505.06",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio Revised Code 4517.261, documentary service charge for sale or lease",
          "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4517.261",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio BMV, New Ohio Residents (30 days)",
          "url": "https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/new-to-ohio.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio BMV, Renew Your Vehicle Registration (expiration dates, 90 days early, OPLATES.com)",
          "url": "https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/vr-renewaldates.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio EPA, E-Check (six to 26 model years, 2026 test schedule)",
          "url": "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/air-pollution-control/e-check",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Office of the Governor, Governor DeWine Directs Ohio EPA to Begin Process to End E-Check in Northeast Ohio (29 Sep 2026)",
          "url": "https://governor.ohio.gov/media/news-and-media/governor-dewine-directs-ohio-epa-to-begin-process-to-end+e-check-in-northeast-ohio",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "oklahoma",
      "name": "Oklahoma",
      "abbr": "OK",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/oklahoma/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Service Oklahoma",
        "short": "Service Oklahoma",
        "counter": "a licensed operator",
        "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/fees.html"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "age",
        "age": [
          {
            "maxYears": 3,
            "amount": 96
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 7,
            "amount": 86
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 11,
            "amount": 66
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 15,
            "amount": 46
          },
          {
            "maxYears": null,
            "amount": 26
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Oklahoma charges by how long the vehicle has been registered rather than by weight or value. It is $96.00 for the first four years, then $86.00, $66.00, $46.00 and finally $26.00 from the seventeenth year. Motorcycles are $3.00 more in every band."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 11,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 11,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A vehicle title is $11.00. When a titled vehicle changes owner, Service Oklahoma also charges a $17.00 transfer fee."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Oklahoma issues a standard plate and decal with each registration. Service Oklahoma also lists a $1.50 insurance fee, a $4.00 VIN inspection where one is needed, and a waste tire fee of $2.90 per tire on a car.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "In Oklahoma the plate belongs to **you, not the car**. Sell the vehicle and you keep the plate. Since September 1, 2024 the standard issue is the new Iconic Oklahoma design, but nobody is switched over automatically."
            },
            {
              "ul": [
                "**Iconic plate:** a $4 replacement fee if you swap at your yearly renewal, or $9 at a licensed operator any other time.",
                "**Personalized plate:** $20 a year on top of the registration, set by state law.",
                "**Specialty and personalized renewals:** paid every year, in the same registration period as the car, and the standard plate is surrendered once the new one arrives.",
                "**At least one plate** has to be mounted on the registered vehicle."
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Pre-numbered specialty plates take up to 4 weeks. Personalized plates take far longer, about 16 to 18 weeks, so order well before you need one. Availability and the full catalog are on {check}."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            10,
            11,
            12
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/specialty-plates.html",
            "label": "Service Oklahoma’s specialty plates page"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0325,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "none",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "Oklahoma excise tax",
        "tiersUsedOnly": true,
        "tiers": [
          {
            "upTo": 1500,
            "flat": 20
          },
          {
            "upTo": null,
            "rate": 0.0325
          }
        ],
        "src": 6,
        "note": "Oklahoma charges two taxes when a vehicle changes hands. The excise tax is 3.25% of the value of a new vehicle; on a used one it is $20.00 on the first $1,500.00 and 3.25% on the rest, so the effective rate on a cheap car is lower. On top of that comes a 1.25% state sales tax on the actual purchase price, in place since July 2017. A trade-in reduces neither: Service Oklahoma tells tag agents not to subtract it from the price.",
        "secondTax": {
          "label": "Oklahoma vehicle sales tax",
          "rate": 0.0125,
          "src": 7,
          "note": "A separate 1.25% state sales tax on the actual purchase price, charged on top of the excise tax on vehicles sold since July 1, 2017. It is not tiered and a trade-in does not reduce it."
        }
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 110,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 82,
        "appliesFrom": "class 1 vehicles under 6,000 lbs",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Oklahoma sets the electric vehicle fee by weight class. A car under 6,000 lbs pays $110.00 a year and a plug-in hybrid of the same size pays $82.00. Heavier classes pay $158.00 and $363.00, and the heaviest commercial class pays $2,250.00.",
        "vrNote": "Charged with every registration: $110 a year for an electric car under 6,000 lbs and $82 for a plug-in hybrid, more for heavier classes."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Title transfer fee",
          "amount": 17,
          "when": "initial",
          "usedOnly": true,
          "src": 6,
          "note": "Charged on top of the $11 title fee when a titled vehicle changes owner (Service Oklahoma SOP G.02, Appendix B)."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 28,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "Service Oklahoma charges the $11 title fee and the $17 transfer fee together when a titled vehicle changes owner, $28 in all, plus $10 to file a lien."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 6
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 1,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Renewals get a 30-day grace period. After that most registration classes pay a delinquent penalty of $1.00 a day, up to $100.00 a year, and by law the penalty cannot be waived.",
        "transferNote": "a newly bought vehicle has two months to be titled and tagged without penalty. Miss that and the penalty is counted from the 31st day after the sale, at $1.00 a day up to $100.00.",
        "graceText": "Oklahoma gives renewals a 30-day grace period. After that the penalty for most vehicles is $1.00 a day, capped at $100.00 a year, and Service Oklahoma says it cannot be waived.",
        "vrNote": "A late renewal and a newly bought car that misses its two-month window pay the same daily penalty; only the day it starts counting differs."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "There is no ceiling, but the fee has to sit inside the advertised price rather than appear for the first time at the desk. The New Motor Vehicle Commission lets a dealer leave only state fees and taxes out of an advertised price, so the documentary fee should already be in the number you saw. How large it is, the state does not say."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Service Oklahoma, Auto and Vehicle Fees",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/fees.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oklahoma Statutes 68-2103, excise tax on transfer and first registration of vehicles",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-68/section-68-2103/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oklahoma Statutes 68-6511, weight-based electric vehicle fee",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-68/section-68-6511/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oklahoma Tax Commission, OAC 710:60, motor vehicles",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/tax/documents/resources/rules-and-policies/motor-vehicle-policy/Chapter60-MotorVehicles.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oklahoma New Motor Vehicle Commission, dealer advertising rules (OAC 465:15-3-7)",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/onmvc/laws-rules-statutes/dealer-advertising-rules-compliance-information.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Service Oklahoma, Vehicle Registration (two-month title window, grace periods, delinquent penalties)",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/popular-services/vehicle-registration.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Service Oklahoma, SOP G.02 Title Transfers (fees, 1.25% sales tax, trade-in not deducted), March 2025",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/service-oklahoma/intranet/job-resources/sops/g--motor-vehicles/G.02%20-%20Title%20Transfers.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-01"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oklahoma Tax Commission, Annual Report 2025 (state sales tax on motor vehicles, 1.25% since July 1, 2017)",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/tax/documents/resources/reports/annual-reports/otc/AR-2025.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Service Oklahoma, Vehicle Renewal (1- or 2-year registration since November 1, 2023)",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/popular-services/vehicle-renewal.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Service Oklahoma, Out-of-State Title Transfers",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/title-transfers.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Service Oklahoma, License Plates (Iconic plate from September 1, 2024; plate belongs to the owner)",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/popular-services/license-plates.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Service Oklahoma, Specialty Plates (annual renewal, single registration period, surrender the standard plate)",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/specialty-plates.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oklahoma Statutes 47-1135.4, personalized license plates ($20 a year)",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-47/section-47-1135-4/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "oregon",
      "name": "Oregon",
      "abbr": "OR",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/oregon/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Oregon Driver and Motor Vehicle Services (ODOT)",
        "short": "Oregon DMV",
        "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/DMV/pages/fees/vehicle.aspx"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 136,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Oregon sets registration by the car's combined fuel economy, for two years at a time: $126 under 20 mpg, $136 for 20 to 39, $216 for 40 and over, and $376 for an electric car, or $86 if you enroll in OReGO. The $136 shown is the 20 to 39 mpg figure, which covers most gas cars. A brand-new car sold on its certificate of origin gets a four-year registration at double the fee. Multnomah, Washington and Clackamas counties add their own fee on top.",
        "newTermMultiplier": 2,
        "termYears": 2
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 106,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 106,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Oregon's title fee also follows fuel economy: $101 for under 20 mpg, $106 for 20 to 39, $116 for 40 and over, and $192 for an electric car. The $106 shown is the 20 to 39 mpg figure."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 26,
        "src": 0,
        "lead": "Oregon charges **$26** for a new pair of plates, or $13 when the vehicle takes only one.",
        "note": "Paid when new plates are issued.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "Oregon plate job",
                  "DMV fee"
                ],
                [
                  "Moving your plates to another vehicle",
                  "$30"
                ],
                [
                  "Replacing plates, with or without stickers",
                  "$12 plus the plate fee"
                ],
                [
                  "Replacing stickers only",
                  "$10"
                ],
                [
                  "Custom plate, each two-year registration",
                  "$100"
                ],
                [
                  "Custom plate on a new car’s first four-year registration",
                  "$200"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "The custom plate charge is an add-on that comes round at **every renewal**, on a regular plate or on a special background such as Crater Lake or Smokey Bear, which carry their own surcharges. A brand-new car is registered for four years first, which is why that first custom fee is double."
            },
            {
              "p": "You get up to **six letters or numbers plus one space or hyphen**, and nothing else: no other punctuation, and no three numbers followed by three letters (or the reverse), because that is the pattern of ordinary plates. Try your idea on {check} before you apply."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            0,
            9,
            10
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://dmv2u.oregon.gov/eServices/?link=custom",
            "label": "DMV2U’s custom plate checker"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 112,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county registration fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.005,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "newOnly": true,
        "tradeInCredit": "none",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "Vehicle privilege tax",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Oregon has no sales tax. It charges a vehicle privilege tax of 0.5% instead, on a car bought from a dealer that has 7,500 miles or less and has never been titled or registered in Oregon, worked out on the retail price with no deduction for a trade-in. A car with more miles, or one bought from a private seller, is not taxed. A qualifying car bought from an out-of-state dealer pays a matching 0.5% use tax, and DMV may ask for the use tax certificate."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 240,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "In Oregon the electric premium sits in the registration itself. A two-year electric registration is $376 against $136 for a gas car, the $240 shown here, and the electric title costs more too, $192 against $106. Enrolling in OReGO cuts the registration to $86 for two years, and you pay by the mile instead. From July 1, 2027, used electric cars move to the $86 registration at renewal with a choice of a flat fee or a per-mile charge; new electric cars follow on January 1, 2028, and hybrids and plug-in hybrids on July 1, 2028."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 106,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same title fee, $106 for a typical gas car. File within 30 days of the sale or DMV adds a $25 late fee ($50 after 60 days)."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Oregon does not add a penalty for renewing late; you pay the normal registration fee. Driving with expired registration can still get you cited.",
        "transferNote": "A title application filed more than 30 days after the sale costs an extra $25, or $50 once it is past 60 days."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 250,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Oregon caps the dealer document-processing fee. A dealer that files electronically through an integrator may charge up to $250, and one that does not may charge up to $200. The DMV sets the limit by rule."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Oregon DMV, Vehicle Title, Registration and Permit Fees",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/DMV/pages/fees/vehicle.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon Department of Revenue, Vehicle Privilege and Use Taxes",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/dor/programs/businesses/pages/vehicle-privilege-and-use-taxes.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon Administrative Rule 735-150-0055, dealer document-processing fee",
          "url": "https://oregon.public.law/rules/oar_735-150-0055",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-23"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon DMV, Titling and Registering Your Vehicle",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/dmv/pages/vehicle/titlereg.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon DMV, Moving to Oregon",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/dmv/pages/new2or/moving.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "ODOT, House Bill 3991 and Measure 120",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/pages/hb3991.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Multnomah County, Vehicle Registration Fee",
          "url": "https://multco.us/info/vehicle-registration-fee",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington County, Vehicle Registration Fee",
          "url": "https://www.washingtoncountyor.gov/lut/vehicle-registration-fee",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon DEQ, Portland area test stations and fees",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/deq/Vehicle-Inspection/Pages/Portland-Area-Stations.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon DMV, Special Background Plates fee chart (custom plates $100 per two-year or $200 per four-year registration)",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/DMV/docs/Special%20Background%20Fees%20chart.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon DMV, Custom Plate Application, Form 205 (six characters plus one space or hyphen)",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/forms/dmv/205fill.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-29"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "pennsylvania",
      "name": "Pennsylvania",
      "abbr": "PA",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/pennsylvania/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Driver and Vehicle Services",
        "short": "PennDOT",
        "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dmv/resources/payments-and-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 48,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Annual passenger car registration. Motorcycles are $25.00 and motor homes of 8,000 lbs or less are $88.00."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 72,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 72,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "PennDOT charges the same certificate of title fee whether the vehicle is new or used."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "A standard plate is included in the registration fee the first time one is issued.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "PennDOT’s fee for a personalized plate on the standard Pennsylvania design is **$103**. On one of the specialty plates you pay that plate’s own fee plus **$136** to personalize it."
            },
            {
              "ol": [
                "Check the combination with {check}.",
                "Fill in form MV-904, the application for a personalized registration plate.",
                "Write a check or money order to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for the fee shown at the top of the form.",
                "Mail the form and the payment to PennDOT."
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Motorcycle plates stop at five characters. Special characters aren’t available on any of them."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            11,
            12
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://www.dmv.penndot.gov/vehicle_services/vrvanity.jsp",
            "label": "PennDOT’s plate availability tool"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 5,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county fee for local use",
        "src": 4
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.02,
          "typical": 0
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "6% across most of Pennsylvania. Allegheny County residents pay 7% and City of Philadelphia residents pay 8%. The rate follows where you live, not where you bought the car. PennDOT works out the taxable amount by subtracting the trade-in from the purchase price."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 250,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 63,
        "appliesFrom": "electric vehicles, charged as a Road User Charge",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "PennDOT calls it the Road User Charge. It replaces the fuel tax an electric vehicle does not pay, and at $250 a year it is one of the highest in the country. Plug-in hybrids pay $63."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 72,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Transferring a title into your name costs the same $72.00 certificate of title fee. Recording a lien on top of that is a further $36.00."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 36,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "graceText": "Pennsylvania has no grace period: once the date on your registration passes, the car is unregistered, and driving it is a summary offense.",
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 9,
        "note": "PennDOT's schedule of fees has no late fee for renewing after the expiration date, but driving on an expired registration is a summary offense under section 1301 of the Vehicle Code: the fine is $75 or double the registration fee, whichever is greater, which is $96 for a passenger car, or $25 if the car was registered in Pennsylvania within the previous 60 days. A suspended registration costs $119.00 to restore, and the civil penalty in lieu of suspension is $500.00."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 490,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Pennsylvania caps the documentary preparation fee, but at a level that makes the caps in other states look like rounding errors. For 2026 the ceiling is $490.00 where the dealer processes the paperwork electronically and $409.00 where it does not, up from $464.00 and $387.00 in 2024. It is re-set every year by the Federal Consumer Price Index under the Board of Vehicles Act. For scale, a California dealer may charge $85.00 for the same job. The fee is legal in Pennsylvania and it is still the dealer's money rather than PennDOT's, so it is the line on the sheet most worth arguing about."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "PennDOT Bureau of Motor Vehicles Schedule of Fees, form MV-70S (4-26)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/penndot/documents/public/dvspubsforms/bmv/bmv-forms/mv-70s.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "PennDOT Fact Sheet, Retail Sales Tax on a Vehicle Purchase (MV-4ST)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/penndot/documents/public/dvspubsforms/bmv/bmv-fact-sheets/fs-mv4st.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-12"
        },
        {
          "label": "PennDOT, Buying or Selling a Vehicle",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dmv/vehicle-services/title-and-registration/buying-or-selling-a-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Pennsylvania Department of State, State Board of Vehicle Manufacturers, Dealers and Salespersons, documentary fee schedule",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dos/department-and-offices/bpoa/vehicle/Annual%20Fee.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "PennDOT Fact Sheet, Fee for Local Use, Participating Counties (August 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/penndot/documents/public/dvspubsforms/bmv/bmv-fact-sheets/fs-feelocal.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "PennDOT, Renew Registration (two-year option, printable credential, fee for local use)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dmv/vehicle-services/title-and-registration/renew-registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "PA.gov, Transfer Vehicle Registration from Another State (20 days)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/services/dmv/transfer-vehicle-registration-from-another-state",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "PennDOT Fact Sheet, How to Title and Register Your Out-of-State Vehicle in Pennsylvania (sales tax six-month rule)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/penndot/documents/public/dvspubsforms/bmv/bmv-fact-sheets/fs-toos.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "PennDOT Fact Sheet, Electric Vehicle and Plug-in Hybrid Road User Charge",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/penndot/documents/public/dvspubsforms/bmv/bmv-fact-sheets/fs-ruc.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Pennsylvania Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. section 1301 (driving an unregistered vehicle, penalty)",
          "url": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=HTM&ttl=75&div=0&chapter=13&section=1&subsctn=0",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "Drive Clean PA (PA DEP), information for the 42 counties without emissions testing",
          "url": "http://www.drivecleanpa.state.pa.us/info_non.htm",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "label": "PennDOT, Payments and Fees (personalized registration plate, standard issue, $103; $136 to personalize a specialty plate)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dmv/resources/payments-and-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "PennDOT, Apply for a Personalized Registration Plate (form MV-904, motorcycles five characters)",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/services/dmv/apply-for-a-personalized-registration-plate",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "rhode-island",
      "name": "Rhode Island",
      "abbr": "RI",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/rhode-island/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Rhode Island Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Rhode Island DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/registrations-plates-titles/registration/registration-title-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 4000,
            "amount": 30
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 5000,
            "amount": 40
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6000,
            "amount": 48
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 7000,
            "amount": 56
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 8000,
            "amount": 64
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 9000,
            "amount": 70
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 10000,
            "amount": 78
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 106
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Rhode Island registers a car two years at a time, so at the counter you pay two years of everything at once. The figures here are shown per year for comparison, so double them for what you actually hand over. Registration itself is set by weight: $30 a year up to 4,000 lbs, then $40, $48, $56 and up as the car gets heavier. On top come the DOT highway surcharge, $40 per two-year registration since January 1, 2026, and the $3.50 technology surcharge. Rhode Island ended its old municipal car tax, so there is no town value tax on top."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 53.5,
          "src": 1
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 53.5,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "A Rhode Island certificate of title is $53.50, including the $3.50 technology surcharge."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration, which runs for two years."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "local fee",
        "src": 1
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.07,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "book_or_price",
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Rhode Island charges a flat 7% on a vehicle, with no city or town tax added. Buy from a dealer, new or used, and the trade-in comes off the price before the 7% is worked out. Buy privately and the rules change: on a car 7 years old or newer you pay 7% of the NADA clean retail value or the sale price, whichever is higher. A car 8 to 29 years old is taxed on the sale price, unless it is on the state's Cars of Particular Interest list.",
        "bookName": "NADA clean retail value",
        "bookTerm": "NADA clean retail value",
        "bookScope": " of a car 7 years old or newer"
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 200,
        "hybrid": 50,
        "phev": 100,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Rhode Island introduced an annual surcharge on electric and hybrid vehicles in 2026: $200 a year for a battery-electric car, $100 for a plug-in hybrid, and $50 for a conventional or mild hybrid. Like the registration it is billed for the two-year cycle, so you pay two years of it at once."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "DOT highway surcharge",
          "amount": 20,
          "src": 2,
          "note": "$40 charged per two-year registration ($20 a year), which rose from $30 on 1 January 2026."
        },
        {
          "label": "Technology surcharge",
          "amount": 1.75,
          "src": 1,
          "note": "The $3.50 technology surcharge, charged once per two-year registration."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 53.5,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $53.50 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 53.5,
        "src": 1
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 7,
        "note": "Rhode Island does not publish a separate late renewal fee on its fee table, but driving on an expired registration carries an $85 fine. If the registration is suspended because the insurance lapsed or the inspection expired, getting it reinstated costs $253.50. A block from your city or town over old unpaid car taxes also stops a renewal until the tax collector clears it.",
        "faq": "The fine is the real cost. Driving with an expired registration is an $85 ticket, and a registration suspended over lapsed insurance or an expired inspection costs $253.50 to reinstate. The DMV fee table does not list a separate late renewal charge, so renewing late mostly risks the ticket."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Rhode Island does not cap the dealer documentation or preparation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "RIGL § 31-6-1, passenger vehicle registration fees by weight",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ri/title-31-motor-and-other-vehicles/ri-gen-laws-sect-31-6-1/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island DMV, Registration & Title Fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/registrations-plates-titles/registration/registration-title-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island DMV, Important Fee Changes Effective January 1, 2026 (DOT surcharge)",
          "url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/node/1741",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island Public Law 2025, ch. 278, art. 11 (FY 2026 budget): electric and hybrid vehicle fees from January 1, 2026",
          "url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/registrations-plates-titles/registration/registration-title-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island DMV, Sales Tax (dealer trade-in allowance, private-sale NADA rule, gifts)",
          "url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/registrations-plates-titles/sales-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island DMV, Moving into RI from Out of State (30 days, inspection within 5 days, VIN check)",
          "url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/registrations-plates-titles/registration/moving-ri-out-state",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island DMV, Vehicle Inspection Requirements (every 24 months, $55, new cars 2 years or 24,000 miles)",
          "url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/registrations-plates-titles/safety-emissions-inspections/vehicle-inspection-requirements",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island Current, July 28, 2025 (DMV: $85 fine for an expired registration, $253.50 reinstatement)",
          "url": "https://rhodeislandcurrent.com/2025/07/28/aclu-says-state-couldve-done-more-to-alert-motorists-about-late-vehicle-registration-renewals/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "south-carolina",
      "name": "South Carolina",
      "abbr": "SC",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/south-carolina/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "SCDMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.sc.gov/fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 20,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "South Carolina registers a passenger car for two years at $40.00, so the yearly figure is $20.00; owners who are 64 pay $38.00 and those 65 or older or with a disability $36.00. It is one of the cheapest registrations in the country, and it is not the number that matters here. The two that do are the Infrastructure Maintenance Fee you pay when the car comes into your name, and the county vehicle property tax, which you pay to the county treasurer before you can register or renew and which is not included in this estimate."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A certificate of title is $15.00. An expedited title, available in person only, is $35.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "The plate is issued with your two-year registration rather than sold on its own.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "Since January 1, 2026 the standard South Carolina plate has been the **Where the Revolutionary War Was Won** design. If you would rather have the In God We Trust plate, SCDMV swaps it for a **$6** exchange fee, and either one can be traded for a specialty or personalized plate."
            },
            {
              "p": "A personalized plate is **$30** plus the registration fee. It has to go on a vehicle with an empty weight of 9,000 pounds or less and a gross weight of 11,000 pounds or less, and you apply by mail:"
            },
            {
              "ol": [
                "Fill in Form MV-96, the Application for Personalized License Plate.",
                "Choose up to 8 characters for a car or truck, or 6 for a motorcycle or a personalized specialty plate. A space counts as a character, and & is the only symbol allowed.",
                "Make sure your county tax receipt is up to date for the plate you have now.",
                "Mail the form with payment made out to SCDMV, never cash, to SCDMV Personalized Plates, PO Box 1498, Blythewood, SC 29016-0038."
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "Lost, stolen or damaged plates can be replaced online with the same plate type. Exchanging a plate online works as long as your decal isn’t due to expire within 90 days. Temporary plates from a branch office now run 60 days, on Form 60-A."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            5,
            6,
            7
          ]
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county vehicle property tax",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.05,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "maximum": 500,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "South Carolina Infrastructure Maintenance Fee",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "South Carolina does not charge sales tax on a vehicle. It charges an Infrastructure Maintenance Fee instead, at 5% of the price, and it never exceeds $500.00. That cap is the thing worth knowing: the fee stops growing once the car costs more than $10,000.00, so on a $40,000.00 car the effective rate is 1.25% rather than 5%. A sale subject to the fee is exempt from state and local sales and use tax, which is why there is no local rate line here. From a licensed dealer the fee is charged on the sale price. From a private seller it is charged on the fair market value instead."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 60,
        "hybrid": 30,
        "phev": 30,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "South Carolina charges a road use fee of $120.00 on an electric vehicle and $60.00 on a hybrid, and like the registration it is charged every two years rather than every year. The figures here are the yearly halves, so the bill you actually get is double them."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $15.00, with the Infrastructure Maintenance Fee on top."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 10,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Renewing late adds a penalty that steps up with time: $10.00 at 1 to 14 days, $25.00 at 15 to 30 days, $50.00 at 31 to 90 days and $75.00 beyond 90 days.",
        "transferNote": "the late registration penalty on a first registration starts at $10.00 once you are 46 to 60 days past the purchase and climbs to $75.00 beyond 135 days.",
        "graceText": "South Carolina has no grace period. The late renewal penalty starts the day after your decal expires: $10.00 for 1 to 14 days, $25.00 for 15 to 30, $50.00 for 31 to 90 and $75.00 after that."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "There is no fixed statewide number, but a dealer has to file its maximum closing fee with the state before it can charge one. A dealer that wants to charge the fee tells the Department of Consumer Affairs in advance the most it will charge, pays a filing fee, then has to disclose and post that amount. The fee still has to be reasonable, so each dealer is held to the figure it filed even though the state sets no single cap."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "SCDMV, fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.sc.gov/fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Carolina Department of Revenue, information letter 17-10, infrastructure maintenance fee",
          "url": "https://dor.sc.gov/sites/dor/files/policies/IL17-10.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Carolina Code 37-2-307, motor vehicle closing fees",
          "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c002.php",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "SCDMV, moving to SC: titling and registering a vehicle",
          "url": "https://dmv.sc.gov/vehicle-owners/moving-to-sc",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Lexington County Auditor, motor vehicle tax FAQs",
          "url": "https://lex-co.sc.gov/auditor/auditor-faqs/motor-vehicle-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "SCDMV, License Plates (Where the Revolutionary War Was Won plate from January 1, 2026; $6 exchange; 60-day temporary plates)",
          "url": "https://dmv.sc.gov/vehicle-owners/registration/license-plates",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "SCDMV, Personalized Plates ($30 plus registration, Form MV-96)",
          "url": "https://dmv.sc.gov/vehicle-owners/registration/license-plates/personalized-plates",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "SCDMV, License Plate Replacement (online exchange and replacement)",
          "url": "https://dmv.sc.gov/vehicle-owners/registration/license-plate-replacement",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Carolina Code 56-3-627, infrastructure maintenance fee and exclusions",
          "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c003.php",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "south-dakota",
      "name": "South Dakota",
      "abbr": "SD",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/south-dakota/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "South Dakota Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "South Dakota DOR",
        "url": "https://dor.sd.gov/individuals/motor-vehicle/all-vehicles-title-fees-registration/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "olderThan": 10,
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 2000,
            "amount": 36,
            "amountOlder": 25.2
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 4000,
            "amount": 72,
            "amountOlder": 50.4
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6000,
            "amount": 108,
            "amountOlder": 75.6
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 144,
            "amountOlder": 100.8
          }
        ],
        "src": 1,
        "note": "South Dakota sets the registration fee by the car's weight, at a lower rate once the car is ten years old. The fee is figured monthly and shown here as a full year: $3 a month (so $36 a year) up to 2,000 lbs, $6 up to 4,000 lbs, $9 up to 6,000 lbs and $12 above that, each dropping to 70% at ten years and older. Plates renew in a month set by the first letter of your last name, so a first registration is prorated to that month; if it falls within 90 days, it runs through the following year."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 10,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A South Dakota title is $10. A lien notation, if there is a loan on the car, is another $10."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration and renew every year in the month tied to the first letter of your last name."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county wheel tax",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.04,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "label": "motor vehicle excise tax",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "South Dakota does not charge its general sales tax on a vehicle. It charges a 4% motor vehicle excise tax on the purchase price instead, paid when you first register the car. A trade-in comes off the price before the 4% is worked out. A car eleven years old or older that sells for $2,500 or less, with no trade-in, is exempt from the excise tax entirely."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 100,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "South Dakota charges a $100 annual fee on a plug-in electric vehicle, one that is charged from an external source, on top of the normal registration. There is no separate fee for a conventional hybrid."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Highway patrol fee",
          "amount": 1,
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $1 highway patrol fee charged with each registration."
        },
        {
          "label": "Solid waste fee",
          "amount": 1,
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $1 solid waste fee charged with each registration."
        },
        {
          "label": "Technology fee",
          "amount": 2,
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $2 technology fee, added since July 2025, charged with each registration."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $10 title fee, paid at your county treasurer's office."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "We found no published state late fee for renewing after your registration month ends, so none is shown. Driving on expired plates can be ticketed. You can renew up to 90 days early, online (with a South Dakota license or ID), by mail, at a DMV Now kiosk or at the county treasurer.",
        "transferNote": "you have 45 days from the purchase date to title and register. After that, interest of 1% a month (at least $5 the first month) is charged on the excise tax, a late title fee of $1 a week (up to $50) applies, and after 60 days a one-time penalty of 10% of the tax or $10, whichever is greater, is added.",
        "graceText": "A South Dakota registration runs to the last day of your renewal month, and you can renew up to 90 days early."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "South Dakota does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "South Dakota DOR, All Vehicles – Title, Fees & Registration",
          "url": "https://dor.sd.gov/individuals/motor-vehicle/all-vehicles-title-fees-registration/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Dakota DOR, Non-Commercial Vehicle License Fee schedule",
          "url": "https://dor.sd.gov/media/qoolm3x4/non-commercial-vehicle-license-fee.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "SDCL 32-5B-1, motor vehicle excise tax (4%)",
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-5B-1",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Dakota Codified Laws 32-5-2.6 (renewal up to 90 days early)",
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-5-2.6",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Fall River County Treasurer, transferring an out-of-state title already in your name (tax credit rules)",
          "url": "https://fallrivercountysd.gov/treasurer/motor-vehicle-information/transferring-an-out-of-state-title-already-in-my-name-to-south-dakota/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "SDCL 32-3-18.2, $100 administration fee for out-of-state applicants (from July 1, 2024)",
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/32-3-18.2.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Dakota Codified Law 32-5-9",
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/32-5-9.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Dakota Codified Laws 32-5B-2, motor vehicle excise tax exemptions",
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/32-5B.html?all=true",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "tennessee",
      "name": "Tennessee",
      "abbr": "TN",
      "verified": "2026-11-05",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/tennessee/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, Vehicle Services",
        "short": "Tennessee Revenue",
        "counter": "your county clerk",
        "url": "https://www.tn.gov/revenue/title-and-registration.html"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 26.5,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "The state plate fee for a passenger vehicle is $26.50 and a motorcycle is $19.50. At the counter, the clerks in Shelby, Davidson and Hamilton counties all list $29.00 for a standard plate. Many counties then add a wheel tax, and some cities add a fee of their own, which is what makes one county's bill so different from the next.",
        "vrNote": "Tennessee's plate fee is $26.50 for a car and $19.50 for a motorcycle, but the Shelby, Davidson and Hamilton clerks list $29.00 for a standard plate. County wheel taxes and city fees on top are why bills differ so much between counties."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 11,
          "src": 1
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 11,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "The state title fee is $11.00, and noting a lien is another $11.00. County clerks add their own processing fee on top, so Shelby County, for example, charges $16.00 for the title.",
        "glossary": "A one off charge for putting the ownership document in your name. Tennessee's is $11 at state level, and with the clerk's processing charge Shelby County asks $16."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Every Tennessee plate starts from the $26.50 standard plate fee, which is the registration itself; the designs below cost extra.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "qa": [
                [
                  "How much extra is the black license plate in Tennessee?",
                  "The matte black plate is a specialty plate for the Millennial Debt Foundation, and WGNS put its total at **$61.50 a year**, with $35 of that going to the foundation. It was the top seller in fiscal year 2025, with more than 72,000 issued."
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "Tennessee plate",
                  "Extra on top of regular fees"
                ],
                [
                  "Specialty or college plate",
                  "$36 in Davidson County"
                ],
                [
                  "Personalized plate",
                  "$36 in Davidson County"
                ],
                [
                  "Personalized specialty or college plate",
                  "$70 state total, $71 in Davidson County"
                ],
                [
                  "Replacing a regular or personalized plate",
                  "$10"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "p": "County clerks add their own small charges, which is why Nashville asks $71 where the state lists $70. Personalized combinations are requested through {check}, except on a brand-new specialty design, whose first run is numbered plates only."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            22,
            15,
            19,
            20,
            21
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://personalizedplates.revenue.tn.gov/",
            "label": "the Department of Revenue’s personalized plate site"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county wheel tax",
        "src": 12
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.07,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0.015,
          "max": 0.0275,
          "typical": 0.0275
        },
        "surtaxCap": 1600,
        "singleArticle": {
          "rate": 0.0275,
          "from": 1600,
          "to": 3200
        },
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Tennessee builds the tax on a car out of three pieces, and only the first is a plain percentage. The state charges 7% on the whole price. The local rate, which is set by your county or city and cannot go above 2.75%, is charged only on the first $1,600.00. Then the state charges a second rate of 2.75% on the slice between $1,600.00 and $3,200.00, and nothing above that. The practical effect is that the local part of your bill stops growing once the car costs more than $3,200.00, so the effective rate on an expensive car is much closer to 7% than the headline 9.75% people quote."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 200,
        "hybrid": 100,
        "phev": 100,
        "appliesFrom": "renewals from 1 January 2024",
        "onInitial": false,
        "initialReason": "Tennessee collects this fee when the registration is renewed, not at first registration, so it is not in today's total. It will be on your first renewal: $200.00 for renewals before 1 January 2027, $274.00 from then.",
        "src": 4,
        "note": "An all-electric vehicle pays $200.00 a year on top of the $26.50 standard plate fee for registration renewals before 1 January 2027, and $274.00 for renewals from 1 January 2027; from 2028 the amount is adjusted each year for inflation. A hybrid or plug-in hybrid pays $100.00, adjusted for inflation from 2028. Tennessee collects these fees at renewal, not at first registration. Low-speed and medium-speed electric vehicles (such as golf carts) are exempt, and electric motorcycles are excluded. The all-electric fee is not charged to a member of a uniformed service in active military service of the United States who is stationed outside Tennessee under orders of the member's branch of service, other than at a military reservation located partly in Tennessee and partly in another state, if the vehicle is titled and registered in the member's name alone or jointly with a spouse or lineal relative and a copy of the official orders is given to the county clerk at renewal (Public Chapter 969, for renewals from 1 July 2026).",
        "vrNote": "$200 a year on top of the plate fee for an all-electric car, for renewals until the end of 2026, and $274 from January 1, 2027; $100 for a hybrid or plug-in hybrid. Collected at renewal, not at first registration."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 11,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $11.00 state title fee, plus your county clerk's own processing charge."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 11,
        "src": 1
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "We read through the Department of Revenue's published registration guidance and it sets no state late fee for renewing after your month is up, so we are not showing one. Tennessee runs registration through county clerks, and a clerk may add their own charge, which is not published centrally. The one deadline the state does publish is for people moving in: a new resident is expected to register within 30 days."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "State law lets a dealer add a document or processing fee on top of the price, with no ceiling, as long as it is itemized before you sign. The one thing the dealer cannot do is dress it up as a government charge. Beyond that disclosure, the amount is entirely up to the dealer."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, VR-4, registration fees",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060097432--VR-4-Registration-Fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, LIEN-10, fee to note a lien",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060050212-LIEN-10-Fee-to-Note-a-Lien",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, single article and special tax rates",
          "url": "https://www.tn.gov/revenue/taxes/sales-and-use-tax/single-article-special-tax-rates.html",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, SUT-13, sales and use tax rates overview",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360058139672-SUT-13-Sales-and-Use-Tax-Rates-Overview",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, VR-5, registration fees for hybrid or electric vehicles",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060541291-VR-5-Registration-Fees-for-Hybrid-or-Electric-Vehicles",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-05"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, vehicle registration guidance",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/sections/200443089-Vehicle-Registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Code 55-17-114(b)(1)(E), dealer document preparation and processing fees",
          "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-55/chapter-17/part-1/section-55-17-114/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, VR-6, new residents should register within 30 days",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060097552-VR-6-New-Residents-Should-Register-Within-30-Days",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, VR-7, registration process for new residents",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060551511-VR-7-Registration-Process-for-New-Residents",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, SUT-50, motor vehicles and boats imported into Tennessee",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360058640591-SUT-50-Motor-Vehicles-and-Boats-Imported-into-Tennessee",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, GI-10, no sales tax on a gifted vehicle",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360059969952-GI-10-No-Sales-Tax-on-a-Gifted-Vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, GI-13, car sales to relatives are not subject to sales tax",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360059970192-GI-13-Car-Sales-to-Relatives-are-Not-Subject-to-Sales-Tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Shelby County Clerk, title and registration fees for privately owned vehicles",
          "url": "https://www.shelbycountytn.gov/584/Privately-Owned-Vehicles",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Knox County Clerk, tag renewals and wheel tax",
          "url": "https://www.knoxcounty.org/clerk/motorvehicle/tag_renewals.php",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Hamilton County Clerk, annual renewal costs",
          "url": "https://www.countyclerkanytime.com/tag_title/Costs.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Davidson County Clerk, vehicle registration fees",
          "url": "https://www.nashville.gov/departments/county-clerk/motor-vehicle-services/fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, vehicle emissions testing to end January 2022 (FAQ published by the Hamilton County Clerk)",
          "url": "https://www.countyclerkanytime.com/pdf/Tag_Title/FAQ_Vehicle_Emissions_Testing_Ending_Updated_8.17.21.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Metro Nashville Public Health, Davidson County vehicle inspection program ended February 5, 2022",
          "url": "https://www.nashville.gov/departments/health/environmental-health/vehicle-inspection",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, VTR-37, sales tax on a vehicle purchased out of state",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360059953452-VTR-37-Sales-Tax-on-a-Vehicle-Purchased-out-of-State",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, PSP-6, fee for a personalized specialty plate ($70 plus county fees)",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060055912-PSP-6-Fee-for-Personalized-Specialty-Plate",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, PSP-7, fee to replace a plate ($10)",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060055972-PSP-7-Fee-to-Replace-a-Plate",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, PSP-5, personalized plates and new specialty plates",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060053292-PSP-5-Personalized-Specialized-Plates-Can-t-be-Ordered-on-the-Initial-List",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "WGNS, Why you’re seeing those sleek black license plates in Tennessee, March 30, 2026",
          "url": "https://www.wgnsradio.com/article/98592/why-youre-seeing-those-sleek-black-license-plates-in-tennessee",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, Notice #23-14, electric and hybrid vehicle registration fees apply only at renewal (updated September 2023)",
          "url": "https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/revenue/documents/notices/titlereg/tr23-14.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-05"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, Vehicle Services County Clerk Guide, electric and hybrid vehicle renewal fee (updated August 7, 2026)",
          "url": "https://tnclerks.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001118246-ELECTRIC-AND-HYBRID-VEHICLE-RENEWAL-FEE",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-05"
        },
        {
          "label": "State of Tennessee, Public Chapter 969 (2026), military exemption from the all-electric vehicle registration fee",
          "url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/114/pub/pc0969.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-05"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "texas",
      "name": "Texas",
      "abbr": "TX",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/texas/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Texas Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "TxDMV",
        "url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/register-your-vehicle"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 50.75,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Passenger vehicles and light trucks 6,000 lbs or less. Trailers under 6,000 lbs are $45.00 and motorcycles are $30.00. A standard passenger renewal comes to about $64.00 in state fees: the $50.75 base registration, a $1.00 insurance-verification fee (TexasSure), a $7.50 inspection program replacement fee that took over from the safety inspection Texas dropped for non-commercial vehicles on 1 January 2025, and a $4.75 processing and handling fee. County local fees of $0 to $21.50 come on top (TxDMV 2026 fee chart; most counties charge $10 or $11.50). You can renew online at Texas.gov from 90 days before the sticker expires until 12 months after, as long as you have not been cited for expired registration."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 33,
          "src": 7
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 33,
          "src": 7
        },
        "note": "Texas charges a $33 title application fee if you live in one of the 42 counties TxDMV lists in its title manual, counties in a federal Clean Air Act nonattainment area or a state affected county, and $28 everywhere else. It follows where the buyer lives, not where the paperwork is processed. The 42 include Harris, Dallas, Tarrant, Bexar, Travis, Collin, Denton, Fort Bend and El Paso, so $33 is the figure used here until you pick your county."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Texas doesn’t charge separately for a standard plate. It comes with the base registration."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 21.5,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "county fees (road, bridge and transportation)",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0625,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "spv_or_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "6.25% of the sales price after subtracting any trade-in allowance. For private-party sales of used vehicles the taxable value may instead be based on the Standard Presumptive Value. An even trade is $5 and a gift transfer is $10."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 200,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Charged alongside the annual registration. Hybrids do not pay it."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Insurance verification fee (TexasSure)",
          "amount": 1,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "A $1 fee that TxDMV bundles into the registration line to fund the TexasSure insurance-verification program, so the registration line on a renewal notice reads $51.75 rather than $50.75."
        },
        {
          "label": "Inspection program replacement fee",
          "amount": 7.5,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "The state's share of the old inspection fee, now collected at registration for non-commercial vehicles after Texas ended safety inspections on 1 January 2025. It is $16.75 on a new vehicle issued two years of registration."
        },
        {
          "label": "Processing and handling fee",
          "amount": 4.75,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "Charged by TxDMV on each registration transaction."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 33,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same title application fee: $33.00 in the 42 counties on TxDMV's list, including Harris, Dallas, Tarrant, Bexar and Travis, and $28.00 elsewhere. A gift from close family is taxed at a flat $10.00 instead of the 6.25% motor vehicle tax, using Comptroller form 14-317."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": {
          "type": "percent",
          "amount": 0.05,
          "tiers": [
            {
              "upToDays": 30,
              "rate": 0.05
            },
            {
              "upToDays": null,
              "rate": 0.1
            }
          ]
        },
        "src": 1,
        "note": "On the tax itself, the Comptroller adds a 5% penalty if you pay 1 to 30 days after the due date, and 10% if you pay more than 30 days late.",
        "transferNote": "Pay the motor vehicle tax late and the Comptroller charges its own penalty on top, 5% when the payment is 1 to 30 days overdue and 10% once it is later than that."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 225,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "Texas treats $225.00 as the line a dealer has to justify crossing, rather than as a hard ceiling. From 11 July 2024 a dealer charging $225.00 or less does not have to tell the regulator anything. Charge more and the dealer has to notify the Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner and file a cost analysis justifying the figure before charging it. So $225.00 is the number above which a dealer has to be able to show their working, which makes it the number worth knowing at the desk."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "TxDMV Registration Fee Chart, effective 1 January 2026",
          "url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/sites/default/files/body-files/FeeChart_1C.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Texas Comptroller, Motor Vehicle Sales and Use Tax",
          "url": "https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/motor-vehicle/sales-use.php",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "TxDMV, Register Your Vehicle, fee table",
          "url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/register-your-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "TxDMV, Buying or Selling a Vehicle",
          "url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/buying-or-selling-a-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "TxDMV Form 130-U, Application for Texas Title and/or Registration",
          "url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/sites/default/files/form_files/Form-130-U.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "TxDMV, Detailed Instructions for Application for Texas Title and/or Registration, form VTR-130-UIF",
          "url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/sites/default/files/form_files/VTR-130-UIF.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Texas Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner, motor vehicle documentary fee filing instructions",
          "url": "https://occc.texas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/b16-5-mvsf-doc-fee-filing-instructions-7-2-24_0.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "TxDMV Motor Vehicle Title Manual (August 2026), Table 3-1 Title Application Fee, under Transportation Code 501.138",
          "url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/sites/default/files/body-files/Motor_Vehicle_Title_Manual_Book_451.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-19"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "utah",
      "name": "Utah",
      "abbr": "UT",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/utah/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Utah State Tax Commission, Motor Vehicle Division",
        "short": "Utah DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.utah.gov/register/registration-taxes-fees/"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "age",
        "label": "Age-based uniform fee",
        "age": [
          {
            "maxYears": 2,
            "amount": 150
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 5,
            "amount": 110
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 8,
            "amount": 80
          },
          {
            "maxYears": 11,
            "amount": 50
          },
          {
            "maxYears": null,
            "amount": 10
          }
        ],
        "src": 2,
        "note": "The number that dominates a Utah registration is not the registration fee, it is the age-based uniform fee, a charge in lieu of property tax that is set by how old the car is rather than what it is worth. For a passenger car it is $150 for the three newest model years, then $110, $80 and $50 in three-year steps, and $10 once the car is twelve or more years old. The flat $44 registration fee is charged on top of this and is listed separately below."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 6,
          "src": 1
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 6,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "A Utah title is $6.00, whether it is a new title or a duplicate."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Utah’s standard plates are part of the registration, with no separate charge."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0485,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0.015,
          "max": 0.052,
          "typical": 0.024
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Utah's state rate is 4.85%, and every locality adds to it, so the combined rate on a car runs from 6.35% in the cheapest rural areas to about 10.05% in a few resort towns, with most of the state near 7.25% (Utah State Tax Commission combined rate chart). The calculator uses a typical 7.25% and you can expect a little more or less depending on where the car is registered. A trade-in helps here: on a straight vehicle-for-vehicle trade the value of the car you hand over is subtracted before the tax is worked out. Utah gives no break for a sale between family members, so a car bought from a relative is taxed the same as any other. The rate that applies is the one where the dealer is located, or where you register the car on a private sale."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 180,
        "hybrid": 21.75,
        "phev": 56.5,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "An electric car pays a $180.00 alternative fuel fee for a 2026 registration year, on top of the ordinary registration. Instead of the flat fee you can enroll in Utah's Road Usage Charge program and pay by the mile up to that same cap. A conventional hybrid pays $21.75 and a plug-in hybrid $56.50 under Utah Code 41-1a-1206, figures the state adjusts for inflation each January. Electric vehicles are exempt from the county air pollution fee, and they can register for 24 months at a time."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Registration fee",
          "amount": 44,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 4,
          "note": "The flat registration fee for a passenger vehicle of 14,000 lbs or less, charged every year in addition to the uniform fee above (Utah Code 41-1a-1206)."
        },
        {
          "label": "Corridor preservation fee",
          "amount": 10,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $10.00 local highway and corridor preservation fee charged in Salt Lake, Davis, Utah, Weber, Summit, Wasatch, Iron, Box Elder, Washington, Tooele and Morgan counties, which is where most Utahns register. It is not charged in the other counties."
        },
        {
          "label": "Air pollution control fee",
          "amount": 3,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "An emissions fee in the counties that run an inspection program: $3.00 in Salt Lake, Davis and Cache, and $2.00 in Utah and Weber. Electric vehicles do not pay it, and the other counties do not charge it.",
          "notFuel": [
            "ev"
          ]
        },
        {
          "label": "Automobile driver education fee",
          "amount": 2.5,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $2.50 fee charged on each registration except motorcycles (Utah Code 41-1a-1204)."
        },
        {
          "label": "Uninsured motorist identification fee",
          "amount": 1,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 0,
          "note": "A $1.00 per year fee charged on each registration (Utah Code 41-1a-1218)."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 6,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $6.00 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Utah does not publish a flat late-registration penalty we can point to. Registration is delinquent the day after it expires, there is no grace period, and driving on expired registration can get you cited; if the car is impounded for it, the release fee equals the registration fee. The DMV's renewal tool shows anything owed."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "Utah sets no maximum. A dealer may charge a documentary service fee, but if it does it has to post a sign, and print on your contract, that the fee 'is not set or mandated by statute or rule.' So you are owed a clear statement of the amount and that it is the dealer's charge, not the state's, but not a limit on how big it is."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Utah DMV, Registration Taxes and Fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.utah.gov/register/registration-taxes-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah DMV, Summary of Common Fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.utah.gov/register/registration-taxes-fees/summary-of-common-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah DMV, Uniform Fees (2026 age-based fee tables), Utah Code 59-2-405",
          "url": "https://dmv.utah.gov/register/registration-taxes-fees/uniform-fees/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah State Tax Commission, Combined Sales and Use Tax Rates",
          "url": "https://tax.utah.gov/business/sales-tax/sales/rates/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah Code 41-1a-1206, registration fee and alternative fuel vehicle fees",
          "url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ut/title-41-motor-vehicles/ut-code-sect-41-1a-1206/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah Road Usage Charge Program (UDOT), 2026 alternative fuel flat fee",
          "url": "https://www.roadusagechargeutah.org/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah Admin. Code R877-23V-14, dealer documentary service fee sign and contract disclosure",
          "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/utah/Utah-Admin-Code-R877-23V-14",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-21"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah DMV, registering your vehicle in Utah (new residents, 60 days)",
          "url": "https://dmv.utah.gov/register/registering-your-vehicle/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah DMV, inspections (emissions counties and schedule; safety inspections ended January 1, 2018)",
          "url": "https://dmv.utah.gov/register/inspections/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "vermont",
      "name": "Vermont",
      "abbr": "VT",
      "verified": "2026-11-04",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/vermont/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Vermont DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/vehicle-taxation"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 91,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Vermont registers a gas or diesel car for $91 for one year or $167 for two, whatever it weighs or is worth. That includes the $2 Clean Air Fund fee. It went up from $76 on January 1, 2024, when Act 62 raised DMV fees 19.8% to catch up with inflation since 2016."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 42,
          "src": 4
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 42,
          "src": 4
        },
        "note": "A Vermont certificate of title is $42."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "Your plates come with the registration, and since Act 41 of 2023 they no longer carry a validation sticker.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "A vanity plate in Vermont is **$58 a year** on top of the registration. If a plate is lost or damaged, a replacement is $15 for one or $29 for the pair."
            },
            {
              "table": [
                [
                  "Optional plate",
                  "Extra cost"
                ],
                [
                  "Vanity (personalized)",
                  "$58 every year"
                ],
                [
                  "Conservation",
                  "$32 every year"
                ],
                [
                  "Building Bright Futures",
                  "$29 every year"
                ],
                [
                  "Safety or service organization",
                  "$21 once"
                ]
              ]
            },
            {
              "qa": [
                [
                  "What can a Vermont vanity plate say?",
                  "Up to 7 characters, or 6 on a motorcycle, 5 on a disabled plate and 4 on antique and exhibition plates. Letters, numbers and spaces only, with no more than two numbers, and the letter O is read as a zero. A single letter is fine unless it is I, J or O. Delivery can take up to 30 days, so check your idea first on {check}."
                ],
                [
                  "Are faded plates replaced for free?",
                  "Yes, when the fading comes from faulty materials or manufacturing. Send Form VD-016 with “FADED PLATES” written across the top and new plates arrive in 3 to 4 weeks. They carry a new number unless yours is a vanity plate or a low number of four digits or fewer; keeping an ordinary number means paying the replacement fee."
                ],
                [
                  "Are Vermont Strong plates still sold?",
                  "Yes. The Vermont Strong ’23 commemorative plates, made after the July 2023 floods, are $5 each at any DMV office."
                ],
                [
                  "Does the Vermont loophole still work?",
                  "No. On July 1, 2023 the DMV closed the route that let people anywhere in the country register a car in Vermont without ever going there, so out-of-state owners now have to start with their own state’s DMV."
                ]
              ]
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            0,
            10,
            11,
            12,
            13,
            14
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/license-plates/vanity-personalized-plates",
            "label": "the DMV’s vanity plate page"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "maximum": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "tradeInCatch": "Here Vermont is kinder than most states. Selling your old car yourself does not cost you the break: sell it within three months of the purchase, before or after, and you get a credit at registration or a refund instead.",
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "book_or_price",
        "label": "Purchase and Use Tax",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Vermont charges a 6% Purchase and Use Tax on a vehicle, with no local tax on top. It is worked out on the price you paid or the J.D. Power clean trade-in value, whichever is higher, so a low figure on the bill of sale does not cut the tax; a Vermont dealer appraisal can lower the value if the car is worth less. A trade-in comes off the taxable amount, and selling your old car within three months of buying the new one earns a credit or refund instead. There is no cap on a passenger car.",
        "bookName": "J.D. Power clean trade-in value",
        "bookTerm": "J.D. Power clean trade-in value"
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 87,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 44.5,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Vermont adds an infrastructure fee to every plug-in car at registration. A battery-electric car pays $178 a year in total, an $89 registration plus an $89 infrastructure fee; it skips the $2 Clean Air Fund fee, so it costs $87 more than a gas car. A plug-in hybrid pays the regular $91 plus $44.50, or $135.50. A regular hybrid pays nothing extra. The money goes to charging infrastructure until Vermont designs a mileage-based fee."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "New vehicle warranty fee",
          "amount": 8,
          "when": "initial",
          "newOnly": true,
          "src": 0,
          "note": "An $8 fee charged when a new car is first registered in Vermont (23 V.S.A. 476)."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 42,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $42 title fee, paid at the DMV when you register."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 14,
        "src": 4
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 9,
        "note": "Vermont has no grace period: once the registration expires, the car cannot legally be driven until it is renewed. You can renew up to 60 days before the expiration date, online through myDMV, for one or two years.",
        "faq": "There is no grace period in Vermont, so the car is off the road the day after the registration expires until you renew. Renewing early is the fix: myDMV accepts renewals up to 60 days ahead, for one or two years."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Vermont does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork, and figures of a few hundred dollars are common."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Registration Fees",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Vehicle Taxation (Purchase and Use Tax)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/vehicle-taxation",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "32 V.S.A. section 8903, Motor Vehicle Purchase and Use Tax (6%, cap only above 10,100 lbs)",
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/32/219/08903",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Fee",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/fees/ev-infrastructure-fee",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Title Fees ($42 title, $14 lien, March 19, 2026)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/vehicle-title/fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Moving to Vermont (60 days, inspection within 15 days)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/new/moving-to-vermont",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Purchase and Use Tax credits and refunds (3-month sale rule)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/vehicle-taxation/credits-refunds",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Purchase and Use Tax exemptions (tax paid elsewhere, 3+ years registered out of state)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/vehicle-taxation/exemptions",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Gifts (32 V.S.A. 8911(8) family list)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/vehicle-taxation/gifts",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV FAQ, grace period and early renewal (no grace period, renew 60 days early)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/faq/is-there-a-grace-period-for-renewing-a-registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Vanity (Personalized) Plates (character rules)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/license-plates/vanity-personalized-plates",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Faded Plates (free replacement for manufacturing faults, Form VD-016)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/license-plates/faded-plates",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Registration, New (Act 41 of 2023 ended validation stickers)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/new",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont DMV, Vermont Strong ’23 commemorative plates ($5 per plate)",
          "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/vermontstrong23",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Road & Track, Vermont closes loophole allowing out-of-state registrations, July 7, 2023",
          "url": "https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a44473910/vermont-closes-loophole-allowing-out-of-state-registrations/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "virginia",
      "name": "Virginia",
      "abbr": "VA",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/virginia/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Virginia DMV",
        "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv201.pdf"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 4000,
            "amount": 30.75
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 35.75
          }
        ],
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Annual passenger registration. A car of 4,000 lbs or less is $30.75 and one from 4,001 to 6,500 lbs is $35.75. The registration itself is cheap; the charge that dwarfs it in Virginia is the local personal property tax on the car, the \"car tax\". Every city and county sets its own rate on the vehicle's value each year, commonly around $3.50 to $4.50 per $100 of NADA value, which comes to several hundred dollars on an average car. It is billed separately by your locality and is not included here because it depends entirely on where the car is garaged."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Virginia charges $15.00 for a title, and the same $15.00 for a replacement, a substitute or a supplemental lien title."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "A standard plate comes with the registration. A replacement registration card is $2.00 and a replacement decal is $1.00.",
        "custom": {
          "blocks": [
            {
              "p": "A personalized Virginia plate adds just **$10 a year** to the registration, plus the fee for any special design you pick."
            },
            {
              "p": "How many characters? Up to seven on most designs, though some plates fit fewer. Letters, numbers, a dash, a space and an ampersand all work, and the combination has to be one nobody else has. The DMV sells them online, by mail or at a customer service center, and you can {check} before paying."
            }
          ],
          "src": [
            13,
            14
          ],
          "check": {
            "url": "https://transactions.dmv.virginia.gov/dmvnet/plate_purchase/select_plate.asp",
            "label": "check a combination on the DMV site"
          }
        }
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "local personal property tax (car tax)",
        "src": 5
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.0415,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "none",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": 75,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Virginia charges 4.15% Sales and Use Tax on the gross sales price, or $75.00, whichever is greater. The rate is low, but the trade-in rule is the one to watch: Virginia says the gross sales price does not include price reductions such as credit for a trade-in. The DMV's own example is a $40,000 car with a $5,000 trade-in, still taxed on the full $40,000. On a private sale of a car under five years old you need an affidavit if the price is more than $1,500 away from the NADA trade-in value."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 135.63,
        "hybrid": null,
        "appliesFrom": "the year running 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Virginia calls it the Highway Use Fee and charges it on any vehicle rated at 25 MPG or better, not only electric ones. Every electric vehicle pays $135.63 a year. A gas car rated at 25 MPG pays $7.05 and one at 100 MPG pays $103.48, so a hybrid lands somewhere in between and the figure depends on its rating. Virginia re-sets the chart every July.",
        "vrNote": "The Highway Use Fee: $135.63 for an electric car, and a smaller sum for a car rated at 25 MPG or better, set by its rating."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $15.00 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "A supplemental lien title is $15.00."
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": {
          "type": "flat",
          "amount": 10,
          "tiers": null
        },
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Virginia charges a $10.00 vehicle registration late fee.",
        "vrNote": "Renew after the expiration date and the DMV adds its $10 late fee to the bill."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Virginia sets no maximum. What it requires is disclosure: if a dealer charges a processing fee, the fee and its amount have to be shown on a clearly visible sign in the public sales area. So the fee is whatever the dealer says it is, and your only protection is that they have to say it before you sit down."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV Fees, form DMV 201",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv201.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, Motor Vehicle Sales and Use Tax",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/taxes-fees/sut",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, 2026 Estimated Highway Use Fee Chart",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/documents/HUF-fee-chart.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, Buying or Selling a Vehicle",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/buy-sell",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Code of Virginia 46.2-1530, buyer’s order and processing fee disclosure",
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter15/section46.2-1530/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Code of Virginia § 58.1-3503, tangible personal property (the local vehicle \"car tax\")",
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title58.1/chapter35/section58.1-3503/",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-26"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, Register Your Vehicle (renewal options, online and multi-year discounts)",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, Emissions Inspections (localities, two-year validity, exemptions, $2 emissions fee)",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/registration/emissions",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, Delinquent Property Taxes and Vehicle Registration (stops)",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/registration/stop-register",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, Local Vehicle Registration Program (Virginia Beach)",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/registration/lvrp",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, New to Virginia (title within 30 days, license within 60 days)",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/moving/new-virginia",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia State Police, Vehicle Safety Inspection ($20, $12 motorcycles)",
          "url": "https://vsp.virginia.gov/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Code of Virginia 58.1-3524, personal property tax relief (first $20,000 of value)",
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title58.1/chapter35/section58.1-3524/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, Create a Plate (personalized plates $10 a year, up to seven characters)",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/license-plates/plate-create",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia DMV, Personalized License Plate Guidelines and Restrictions",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/license-plates/personalized-policy",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-28"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "washington",
      "name": "Washington",
      "abbr": "WA",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/washington/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Washington State Department of Licensing",
        "short": "Washington DOL",
        "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/vehicles-and-boats/vehicles/vehicle-registration/calculate-vehicle-tab-fees"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "weight",
        "weight": [
          {
            "maxLbs": 4000,
            "amount": 65
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 6000,
            "amount": 95
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": 8000,
            "amount": 112.5
          },
          {
            "maxLbs": null,
            "amount": 126
          }
        ],
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Two charges make up this figure, and Washington bills them as separate lines. The vehicle license fee is a flat $30.00 for a passenger car. On top of that comes the motor vehicle weight fee, which the statute sets at $35.00 up to 4,000 lbs, $65.00 up to 6,000 lbs, $82.50 up to 8,000 lbs and $96.00 above that. Most cars sit in the first band, so most Washington drivers are paying $65.00 before the filing and service fees below. The weight fee rises again on 1 January 2029."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 40,
          "src": 2
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 3
        },
        "note": "A certificate of title application is $15.00 on a private sale. Since 1 October 2026 a title on a retail sale or lease through a licensed dealer costs $40.00, and the extra $25.00 goes to the electric vehicle and multimodal transportation accounts. A new car comes from a dealer, so it pays $40.00. A Quick Title, issued on the spot at certain offices, adds $50.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": 100,
        "src": 10,
        "note": "A car gets two plates, and a new standard plate is $50.00 each, so this figure assumes $100.00. When a used car changes hands the buyer has to get new plates too, unless it came from a spouse or family member. The statute also lists a $30.00 replacement plate fee and a $2.00 reflectivity fee per plate, so ask the office which applies to you. Keeping your old plates for another car costs a $10.00 transfer fee."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "local transportation benefit district fee",
        "src": 15
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.07,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0.006,
          "max": 0.0355,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Washington charges 6.5% state sales tax plus a motor vehicle sales tax that rose from 0.3% to 0.5% on 1 January 2026, so the state part of a car purchase is now 7%. Local rates go on top and vary a lot: for the second quarter of 2026 the combined rate on a vehicle ran from 7.6% in unincorporated Klickitat County to 10.55% in Seattle. There is no single typical figure, so the calculator shows the state part and asks for your own local rate. A trade-in comes off the price before the tax is worked out. On a car costing more than $100,000 a separate 8% luxury tax applies to the part of the price above that line, also from 1 January 2026. The $100,000 line rises 2% every 1 July."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 225,
        "hybrid": 75,
        "phev": 75,
        "appliesFrom": "electric vehicles able to travel at least 30 miles on battery power",
        "onInitial": false,
        "src": 8,
        "note": "An electric car that can go at least 30 miles on battery power pays three charges at every renewal: a $100.00 fee and a $50.00 fee under RCW 46.17.323, plus the $75.00 transportation electrification fee, so $225.00 a year. None of it is due when you first register the car, so the first bill after you buy it leaves these out. A hybrid or plug-in that does not meet the 30-mile test pays a $75.00 hybrid fee at renewal instead, and an electric motorcycle pays $30.00. The sales tax break for clean vehicles ended on 31 July 2025.",
        "phevNote": "This is the $75.00 hybrid fee, which applies to a plug-in that cannot go 30 miles on battery power. A plug-in hybrid with a battery range of 30 miles or more is treated as an electric car instead and pays the $225.00 in charges at each renewal."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Filing fee",
          "amount": 6,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "Charged on each registration."
        },
        {
          "label": "Service fee",
          "amount": 11,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": "Charged on each registration."
        },
        {
          "label": "License service fee",
          "amount": 0.75,
          "when": "always",
          "src": 2,
          "note": null
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the $15.00 application fee on a private sale, or $40.00 when a licensed dealer sells to you. You have 15 days from the sale, then a $50.00 penalty on the 16th day and $2.00 a day after that, up to $125.00."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 6,
        "graceText": "Washington law has no grace period. Driving after the expiry date on your tabs is a traffic infraction, although DOL does not add a late fee when you renew.",
        "note": "Washington does not list a late fee for renewing tabs. It treats driving on expired tabs as the offense instead: failing to renew before driving is a traffic infraction, and a car parked on a public street with tabs more than 45 days out of date can be impounded. Never registering a car at all carries a $529.00 fine that cannot be suspended or reduced.",
        "transferNote": "A $50.00 penalty if the title is not in your name by the 16th day after the sale, then $2.00 a day, up to $125.00 in total."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": 200,
        "capped": true,
        "src": 7,
        "note": "Washington is one of the few states that puts a number on it: the documentary service fee is capped at $200. The fee is optional and can be negotiated down, and a dealer that charges it has to state in its advertising that a fee of up to $200 may be added. It cannot be presented as a charge the law requires you to pay."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Revised Code of Washington 46.17.350, vehicle license fee",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.17.350",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Revised Code of Washington 46.17.365, motor vehicle weight fee",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.17.365",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOL, calculate vehicle tab fees",
          "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/vehicles-and-boats/vehicles/vehicle-registration/calculate-vehicle-tab-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Revised Code of Washington 46.17.100, certificate of title application fee",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.17.100",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington Department of Revenue, motor vehicle sales and use tax rates and changes, second quarter 2026",
          "url": "https://dor.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2026-02/Q226_MVET_flyer.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOL, regional transit authority tax",
          "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/vehicles-and-boats/taxes-fuel-tax-and-other-fees/regional-transit-authority-rta-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Revised Code of Washington 46.16A.030, initial registration and renewal",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.16A.030",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Revised Code of Washington 46.70.180(2), documentary service fee",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.70.180",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Revised Code of Washington 46.17.323, electric vehicle registration renewal fees",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.17.323",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Revised Code of Washington 46.17.324, transportation electrification fee",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.17.324",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Revised Code of Washington 46.17.200, license plate fees",
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.17.200",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOL, buy and register a vehicle",
          "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/vehicles-and-boats/vehicles/buying-and-selling-vehicle/buy-and-register-vehicle",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOL, moving to Washington: vehicle registration and plates",
          "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/moving-washington/vehicle-registration-and-plates",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington Department of Revenue, motor vehicle sales/use tax",
          "url": "https://dor.wa.gov/taxes-rates/other-taxes/motor-vehicle-salesuse-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington Department of Revenue, new luxury motor vehicle tax",
          "url": "https://dor.wa.gov/forms-publications/publications-subject/special-notices/new-luxury-motor-vehicle-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOL, local transportation benefit district fees",
          "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/vehicles-and-boats/vehicles/taxes-and-fees/local-transportation-benefit-district-fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOL, renew or replace vehicle tabs",
          "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/vehicles-and-boats/vehicles/renew-or-replace-vehicle-tabs",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington Department of Ecology, emission check program ended",
          "url": "https://ecology.wa.gov/air-climate/air-quality/vehicle-emissions/emissions-check-ends",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington Supreme Court, Garfield County Transportation Authority v. State (Initiative 976), October 15, 2020",
          "url": "https://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/983208.PDF",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOL, tax exemptions for alternative fuel vehicles and plug-in hybrids",
          "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/vehicles-and-boats/vehicles/taxes-and-fees/tax-exemptions-alternative-fuel-vehicles-and-plug-hybrids",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-11"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOL, Use tax on vehicles (gifts)",
          "url": "https://dol.wa.gov/vehicles-and-boats/vehicles/taxes-and-fees/use-tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-30"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "west-virginia",
      "name": "West Virginia",
      "abbr": "WV",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/west-virginia/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "West Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "West Virginia DMV",
        "url": "https://dmv.wv.gov/titles"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 51.5,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "West Virginia charges a flat $51.50 a year to register a Class A passenger car. Before the DMV will renew, you must show that your county personal property tax on the car is paid. Since 2024 a refundable state income tax credit (the MV-1 credit) gives back the vehicle property tax you paid on time, so most owners get that money back at tax time."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A West Virginia certificate of title is $15. A lien recording, if there is a loan on the car, is another $10."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null,
        "note": "A standard Class A plate comes with the registration, and a duplicate plate is $10.50."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "local fee",
        "src": 1
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.06,
        "localRate": null,
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": 30,
        "basis": "book_or_price",
        "label": "privilege tax",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "West Virginia does not charge sales tax on a vehicle. It charges a 6% titling privilege tax instead, worked out on the net purchase price (the price after a trade-in). The trade-in has to be a vehicle titled in West Virginia in your name to count, and manufacturer rebates are taxed, not deducted. There is a floor: a car with a net price of $500 or less pays a flat $30. On a private sale, if your price is below half the vehicle's NADA Clean Loan Book value the tax is charged on the book value instead, unless you provide a notarized bill of sale."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 200,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 100,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "West Virginia adds an annual surcharge to the registration of an alternative-fuel vehicle to make up for the fuel tax it does not pay: $200 a year for a battery-electric vehicle and $100 for a plug-in hybrid. The $200 figure is among the highest in the country."
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $15 title fee ($10 more if a lien is recorded)."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 0
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "West Virginia does not publish a flat late penalty for renewing a registration. Driving on an expired registration can get you fined, and because you must show a paid personal property tax receipt to renew, letting either lapse holds up the whole renewal."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "West Virginia does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "West Virginia DMV, Titles (title fee, 6% titling privilege tax, trade-in and valuation rules)",
          "url": "https://dmv.wv.gov/titles",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "West Virginia DMV, Registrations",
          "url": "https://dmv.wv.gov/registrations",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "West Virginia Code § 17A-3-4, certificate of title and privilege tax",
          "url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17A-3-4/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "West Virginia DMV, new residents (30 days, no titling tax on a car already titled in your name)",
          "url": "https://dmv.wv.gov/new-residents",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "West Virginia DMV, vehicle inspection (two-year cycle from January 1, 2024, $19 maximum, 10 days after titling)",
          "url": "https://dmv.wv.gov/vehicle-inspection",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "West Virginia Tax Division, Motor Vehicle Property Tax Adjustment Credit (Schedule MV-1)",
          "url": "https://tax.wv.gov/Individuals/Pages/IncomeTaxCreditsForPropertyTaxesPaid.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "West Virginia Code 17A-10-3",
          "url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17A-10-3/",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-22"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "wisconsin",
      "name": "Wisconsin",
      "abbr": "WI",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/wisconsin/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Division of Motor Vehicles",
        "short": "Wisconsin DMV",
        "counter": "a DMV customer service center",
        "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/vehicles/title-plates/titles.aspx"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 85,
          "src": 1
        },
        "note": "Annual registration for an automobile is a flat $85.00. Many Wisconsin cities, villages, towns and counties add a wheel tax on top, which the DMV collects with the registration but does not set, so the real yearly figure depends on where the car is kept: $85.00 with no wheel tax, $156.00 in the City of Milwaukee and $165.00 in Madison or Eau Claire."
      },
      "annualValueTax": null,
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 214.5,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 214.5,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "Wisconsin charges $214.50 for an original title or a title transfer, which is one of the highest in the country and far more than the registration. A replacement title is $20.00."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 1,
        "note": "A $12.00 plate issuance fee is charged when plates are first issued, on top of the $85.00 annual registration. Special plates add their own fees: the popular blackout plate, for example, is a $27.00 issuance fee plus a $25.00 annual donation.",
        "glossary": "Wisconsin charges $12 when plates are first issued; at renewal you pay for the year's sticker, not new plates."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": null,
        "typical": null,
        "label": "municipal and county wheel tax",
        "renewalNote": "plus the wheel tax where your city or county charges one",
        "src": 7
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.05,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.029,
          "typical": 0.005
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 2,
        "note": "5% state tax, plus 0.5% county tax in most counties. Milwaukee County is 0.9% and the City of Milwaukee adds a further 2%, so a Milwaukee buyer pays 7.9% where most of the state pays 5.5%. On the trade-in, Wisconsin is clear: if the sale and the trade-in are one transaction, the amount subject to tax is only the difference between the purchase price and the trade-in allowance."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 175,
        "hybrid": 75,
        "phev": 75,
        "appliesFrom": "vehicles registered as an automobile or light truck up to 8,000 lbs",
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 4,
        "note": "Wisconsin calls it a surcharge and collects it whenever the annual registration is paid, at plate issuance and every renewal. An electric car pays $175.00 a year (a $100.00 surcharge plus a further $75.00 added by a law of 6 July 2023) and a hybrid pays $75.00, both on top of the $85.00 registration and any wheel tax.",
        "vrNote": "Collected with the registration at plate issuance and every renewal: $175 a year for an electric car, $75 for a hybrid or plug-in hybrid."
      },
      "additional": [
        {
          "label": "Plate issuance fee",
          "amount": 12,
          "when": "initial",
          "src": 1,
          "note": "Charged when plates are first issued, not on a renewal."
        }
      ],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 214.5,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "A transfer costs the same $214.50 as an original title, with one big exception: a transfer to a surviving spouse, a registered domestic partner or a qualifying family member is free."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": 10,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "A new security interest listing is $10.00. A duplicate lienholder confirmation form is $5.00."
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": 10,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Wisconsin charges a $10.00 late fee on a car, light truck, motorcycle or moped renewal that reaches the DMV after the expiry date. It is a flat charge, not a daily one.",
        "vrNote": "Renewals for cars, light trucks, motorcycles and mopeds that arrive after the expiration date take a flat $10 late fee on top."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 6,
        "note": "The fee has to be written on the contract before you sign, and once shown it can only come down, never up. Wisconsin calls it a service fee rather than a documentary fee, it has to be reasonable, and the DMV can audit a dealer whose fee looks out of line. What the state does not do is put a ceiling on it."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin DMV, Vehicle title fees",
          "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/vehicles/title-plates/titles.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin DMV, Vehicle license plate fees",
          "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/vehicles/title-plates/license-plates.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin Department of Revenue, Publication 202, Sales and Use Tax Information for Motor Vehicle Sales",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/DOR%20Publications/pb202.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin Department of Revenue, County and City Sales and Use Taxes",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/FAQS/pcs-county.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin DMV, Vehicle fuel surcharge",
          "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/vehicles/title-plates/fuelfee.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin DMV, vehicle fees",
          "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/vehicles/title-plates/dmv-fees.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin Administrative Code Trans 139.05(8), dealer service fees",
          "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/trans/139/05/8",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-18"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin DMV, municipal or county vehicle registration fee (wheel tax)",
          "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/pages/dmv/vehicles/title-plates/wheeltax.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin DMV, new residents",
          "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/vehicles/title-plates/new-res-default.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin DMV, emission test",
          "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/vehicles/rnew-plts/emissiontest.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-16"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "wyoming",
      "name": "Wyoming",
      "abbr": "WY",
      "verified": "2026-11-01",
      "page": "https://statefeecalculator.com/vehicle-registration/wyoming/",
      "agency": {
        "name": "Wyoming Department of Transportation",
        "short": "WYDOT",
        "url": "https://www.dot.state.wy.us/home/titles_plates_registration.html"
      },
      "registration": {
        "type": "flat",
        "flat": {
          "amount": 30,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "This is the flat state fee for a passenger car. The larger part of a Wyoming registration is the county fee below, worked out from the car's factory price. Wyoming statute sets both, so the total is the same in every county. Heavier trucks pay a higher state fee."
      },
      "annualValueTax": {
        "label": "County Fee",
        "category": "fee",
        "initialShare": 1,
        "per": 1,
        "schedule": [
          0.6,
          0.5,
          0.4,
          0.3,
          0.2,
          0.15
        ],
        "holdLastShare": true,
        "rate": 0.03,
        "glanceText": "3% of a share of the car's factory price that falls each year: 60% in the first year, then 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and 15% from the sixth year on. So a $20,000 car pays $360 the first year, dropping to $90 once it is six years old.",
        "src": 0,
        "note": "This is the charge that makes up most of a Wyoming registration, and it goes to your county. It is worked out from the car's factory price (its original MSRP), not what you paid: the factory price times a year-of-service rate times 3%, with a $5 minimum. The rate is 60% in the first year, then 50%, 40%, 30% and 20%, settling at 15% from the sixth year onward. A car that listed at $20,000 pays $360 in its first year and $90 from its sixth. Enter the factory price above for your own figure.",
        "minimum": 5
      },
      "title": {
        "new": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "used": {
          "amount": 15,
          "src": 0
        },
        "note": "A Wyoming certificate of title is $15."
      },
      "plate": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": 5,
        "note": "Standard plates come with the registration. Wyoming plates belong to you, not the car: take them off when you sell it. You can only move the unused registration to another car once the old one is sold or transferred."
      },
      "localFee": {
        "min": 0,
        "max": 0,
        "typical": 0,
        "label": "county fee",
        "src": 0
      },
      "salesTax": {
        "stateRate": 0.04,
        "localRate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 0.02,
          "typical": null
        },
        "surtaxCap": null,
        "tradeInCredit": "full",
        "tradeInCap": null,
        "minimum": null,
        "basis": "purchase_price",
        "src": 1,
        "note": "Wyoming's state rate is 4%, and your county adds up to 2% more, so the total is between 4% and 6% depending on where you live. It is charged at the county treasurer's office before you first register, and it is due within 65 days of the purchase or penalties start. When you trade a vehicle in to a dealer, its value comes off the price before the tax is worked out."
      },
      "ev": {
        "annual": 100,
        "hybrid": null,
        "phev": 50,
        "appliesFrom": null,
        "onInitial": true,
        "src": 2,
        "note": "Since July 1, 2026 (HB 145) Wyoming charges an annual decal fee of $100 on a battery-electric car and $50 on a plug-in hybrid, down from $200 for an EV. A regular hybrid that does not plug in pays no decal fee. The same law added a 3.5 cents per kilowatt-hour tax on electricity sold at DC fast chargers.",
        "phevLabel": "Plug-in hybrid decal fee"
      },
      "additional": [],
      "titleTransfer": {
        "amount": 15,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Putting the title into your name is the same $15 title fee."
      },
      "lienFee": {
        "amount": null,
        "src": null
      },
      "late": {
        "graceDays": null,
        "penalty": null,
        "src": 3,
        "note": "Wyoming charges no late fee for renewing late, but the registration keeps its original expiration month, so the months it sat expired are simply lost, and there is no grace period: plates expire on the last day of the month and you can be cited the day after.",
        "graceText": "Wyoming has no grace period. Plates expire on the last day of the expiration month. Counties charge no late fee to renew, but the new sticker keeps the same month, so the expired time is not added back.",
        "transferNote": "the sales or use tax is due within 65 days of the purchase. From day 66 a $25 penalty and 1% interest a month apply, and from day 75 the penalty becomes the greater of $25 or 10% of the tax.",
        "faq": "Nothing extra at the counter. Wyoming counties charge no late fee, but your sticker keeps its old month, so you pay a full year and lose the time the car sat expired. The risk is on the road: there is no grace period, and an officer can cite you from the first day of the next month."
      },
      "docFeeCap": {
        "amount": null,
        "capped": false,
        "src": 0,
        "note": "Wyoming does not cap the dealer documentation fee. It is set by the dealer and shown on the sale paperwork."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Wyoming county treasurer, Vehicle Registration Fees (state fee + county factory-cost formula)",
          "url": "https://uintacountywy.gov/467/Registration-Fees",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Laramie County Treasurer, Vehicle Sales and Use Tax",
          "url": "https://www.laramiecountywy.gov/County-Government/Elected-Officials/County-Treasurer/Vehicle-Sales-and-Use-Tax",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wyoming HB0145 (2026), enrolled act: $100 electric and $50 plug-in hybrid decal from July 1, 2026",
          "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/2026/Enroll/HB0145.pdf",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Albany County, Wyoming, FAQs (no late fee for renewing late)",
          "url": "https://www.albanycountywy.gov/faq.aspx",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Laramie County Treasurer, vehicle registration tips (no grace period, plate credit, 65-day tax penalties)",
          "url": "https://www.laramiecountywy.gov/County-Government/Elected-Officials/County-Treasurer/Vehicle-Registration-Tips",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Teton County Treasurer, motor vehicle registration (non-residents over 120 days, plates belong to the owner)",
          "url": "https://www.tetoncountywy.gov/441/Motor-Vehicle-Registration",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Teton County Clerk, transferring an out-of-state vehicle (30 days, $10 VIN inspection)",
          "url": "https://www.tetoncountywy.gov/317/Transferring-Your-Out-of-State-Vehicle-t",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        },
        {
          "label": "Uinta County Treasurer, new to Wyoming (VIN inspection, $15 title)",
          "url": "https://uintacountywy.gov/888/New-to-Wyoming",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-17"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}